Youth Unemployment Essay Example For Students

Youth Unemployment Essay Youth Unemployment Essay causes trouble to everyone. Some people dont care about youth unemployment . However it is a major problem in Canada caused mainly by the lack of education that the youths are receiving and the lack of jobs that are available. High unemployment amongst youth is directly related to the lack of education, training, and skills. High school dropouts are four times more likely to be unemployed as those students that have completed four or more years of college. High school graduates earned $242 more a week than high school dropouts in 1994. Minimum wage jobs may be easy to find , but they may not provide enough pay to meet your needs and they wont provide enough to support a family. Those who have completed four or more years of post-secondary education earn $300 a week more than a person with just a high school education. That is $15, 600 a year more. Three quarters of those under the age of 25 who have received unemployment insurance have no post -secondary education. Todays jobs require a higher level of education and skill , the employment prospects for these young people could continue to decline. We will write a custom essay on Youth Unemployment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now It is predicted that all jobs created between 1990 and 2000 will require more than sixteen years of education. This number will keep on rising in the future. The unemployment rate for high school drop outs is more than double the rate for university graduates. People that enter the labour market without any extra training or post-secondary education have a tremendous chance of being unemployed. Companies are hiring the most skilled and experienced workers, letting go workers with less experience, usually youth. Youth with the least amount of experience are usually the last people that are hired. Where do you get experience and skills from; post-secondary education. The hardest hit youth group in the 1990s by far have been those with only a high school education or less. For them in 1995 there was 997, 000 less jobs than 1990, this number has been increasing dramatically. In just about every case the more experienced worker will get hired. The present education system is doing a good job at providing students with the tools to gain employment. The government and business are not doing a good job to help provide opportunities for employment. The goals of the education system must remain as they have always been, that is, to teach us how to read, write, analyze, grow, create, and build. We must strive to get the youth to think for themselves. These are the most important skills to bring to the job market. There are some improvements that the government can do on the education system, but it would require some investment in teachers, resources, technology, buildings, and student development. University and college investments, research, and development must be a priority in order to keep many young Canadians competitive. The government must get a more affordable post-secondary education system. Students must not always be faced with the decision of whether to apply for a student loan because the worry that they might not be able to pay it back. The government must expand the child care system so young parents can go and get a good education. Most youths are working part time jobs while they attend post-secondary education or that is the only position they can find available for them. Part time jobs are not very stable, generally there are no benefits available, and there is not that much money involved. The chances for many young people to move past these jobs are bleak, especially with the spread of technological unemployment. Youth make up just about half of the people working part time jobs. .u4b149b7d8b0a3312d14ec6104fadf989 , .u4b149b7d8b0a3312d14ec6104fadf989 .postImageUrl , .u4b149b7d8b0a3312d14ec6104fadf989 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4b149b7d8b0a3312d14ec6104fadf989 , .u4b149b7d8b0a3312d14ec6104fadf989:hover , .u4b149b7d8b0a3312d14ec6104fadf989:visited , .u4b149b7d8b0a3312d14ec6104fadf989:active { border:0!important; } .u4b149b7d8b0a3312d14ec6104fadf989 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4b149b7d8b0a3312d14ec6104fadf989 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4b149b7d8b0a3312d14ec6104fadf989:active , .u4b149b7d8b0a3312d14ec6104fadf989:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4b149b7d8b0a3312d14ec6104fadf989 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4b149b7d8b0a3312d14ec6104fadf989 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4b149b7d8b0a3312d14ec6104fadf989 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4b149b7d8b0a3312d14ec6104fadf989 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4b149b7d8b0a3312d14ec6104fadf989:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4b149b7d8b0a3312d14ec6104fadf989 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4b149b7d8b0a3312d14ec6104fadf989 .u4b149b7d8b0a3312d14ec6104fadf989-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4b149b7d8b0a3312d14ec6104fadf989:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Margaret Hilda Thatcher Essay The government is trying to help with this problem by forming the Public Policy Forum. The Forum is made up of members of the CGA-Canada, CIBC, HRDC, and hundreds of Canadas leaders from the public, private, labor, and voluntary sectors. The goal is to create awareness and calls on youth employment. The government is also addressing the situation by a Stay in School program and the Youth Internship program. These programs are incomplete solutions for Canadas rapidly growing economy. In 1997, the government of Canada .

Analysis of GTA San Andreas advertisment Essays

Analysis of GTA San Andreas advertisment Essays Analysis of GTA San Andreas advertisment Essay Analysis of GTA San Andreas advertisment Essay In the main image, we see a black man with a short buzz-cut, late 90s style hair. His eyes tell us that he is mean and that he could kill someone if he has to because he looks like he is full of hate. He has a short moustache and a goatee which gives him a ghetto look. His mouth is open slightly with his teeth together which shows he is ready for a fight and may be angry. He has tattoos on his chest, neck and arm depicting that he is very strong. The character is also wearing a white vest with brown baggy trousers. The vest shows us that he wants to show off the size of his muscles to make himself look stronger so that people dont start fights with and they become scared. In his right hand he is holding a modern pistol which would have been cheap and commonly used. He is wearing black trainers and they look quite big and are probably to make us think he is bigger than he actually is and to make him look stronger and scarier which is what he wants us to think. He is looking as if he is sitting on an orange car and he is just about to get up and start walking. The car itself looks mid-to-late nineties, probably in the USA because these are the sort of cars they drove in certain cities. There are four lights at the front, which are all round, and between the lights there is a large radiator grill which makes the car look bigger. The car is probably a convertible with a large boot at the back. The man has one foot on the bumper, one on the floor and he has one hand on the hood of the car as if he is about to get up and start walking towards a fight, in this case towards the camera. The look on his face and the way he is holding the gun makes it look like he is ready to begin a fight and he is confident. Also in the background there are light green blocks with the shadow of a city and some skyscrapers connoting that the game would be set in a large city. Below this main image, there are four smaller screen shots of the game and what happens. The first of these two pictures show two black men, probably friends, riding a yellow motorbike together. They are riding it along the railway tracks showing they are rebellious and there is a train coming behind them and this shows that they are solid and nothing can scare them so they ride a motor bike in front of a train, and pull off some spectacular stunts and make themselves look good. There is also another train passing them showing it is a busy rail line so it is a big dare to ride along it. Next to this image, is another one, but this time showing the same person as in the main picture, but is walking along a street with a white Cadillac parking diagonally across the street as if he had to get ot in a hurry. In the background of this picture, there is a building which looks like a casino with powerful neon lights glaring across the whole city. This connotes it is in a big city, possibly like Las Vegas. In the next picture it is the same person but this time he is running along an alleyway with a police helicopter in the sky and a sub-machinegun in his hand. There is a blue sky telling us that hit is daytime but he is wearing a big black coat and grey trousers so it may be winter. There is a power line going from one building to another showing us that it is urban but there are trees in the background which contradicts the fact that it may be urban, so it may just be a park in the city or a housing block in a rural area. The last picture is showing an orange sunset int eh background with tall trees in the foreground hinting at a rural area and there is a red pickup truck, or 4X4 to the side of the screen. This tells us that in the game the day changes to night and there are several stages between. These pictures tell what is possible in the game. The player can ride motorbikes, drive cars and use weapons, etc. These five images attract the reader because stereotypically men wan to be big and tough and in the game you can do things that you would not do in the real world and most people want to be a rebel at some point. The main picture shows a black man who looks in his twenties who probably has a substantial amount of money, He is probably heterosexual and it is a stereotype as he is twice shown carrying a gun. Below all the rest of this at the bottom of the page there are some logos. The first is a blue Rockstar logo and Rockstar is the producer of the game and is the institution that has put all the money behind it. Then there are the Playstation and Playstation 2 logos and these tell us what console the games are available on. The next is the Interscope Records logo and Interscope is a music company who do urban music and they have probably provided the sound track to the game. The there is the BBFC-18 logo showing us the game is for people aged 18 or over and no one below this age should be able to buy or play it. But however, boys over 13 may wan to play this game because it appeals to them and makes them feel rebellious and cool because they are under 18 and playing on an 18 game. To the right of this there is a yellow Rockstar logo, again symbolising the production company and institution. Starting from the top of the page we see some text saying Rockstar Games Presents. Rockstar obviously want people to recognise that the same people have made all of the other GTA games. If we go down the page slightly we see Grand Theft Auto San Andreas written in two different fonts. The Grand Theft Auto is written in one font similar to that of the previous GTA games which is brand identity. San Andreas is written in a different font in the style of how gangsters had words tattooed on their bodies at that time. Further down the page we have written in a smaller font A Rockstar North Production. This again tells us about Rockstar that they want us to know that they have made it. Then it says in a much bigger font Out Now which makes us really notice it because it is written in white on a black background and it is really big. When we see this it makes us think that we can go to the shop and buy it therefore giving the company more money. Then below the four screen shots it has a web site: www.rockstargames.com/sanandreas. This tells u that we can go to this website to find out more information about this game if we really want to. Below this is some text saying that there is a soundtrack available on Interscope records. This is telling us that if we bought the game and we like the music we could go to a music shop or the Interscope Records website and buy it there. Rights at the bottom of the page there is the legal statement with the copyright statement to the logos and names of the companies involved. This must be shown otherwise people can get away with using their logos. Show preview only

Slavery in Colonial America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Slavery in Colonial America - Essay Example Once a person bought a slave, he/she was that person’s property and he could do anything with him that he wished. The slaved would be whipped and treated even badly if he made any mistake. If a slave cracked a disease, that was very common in those times, he was not treated with medicines, etc. (Schneider, 2007). Most slaves used to die due to these terrible living conditions and nobody was accounted for the slaves’ death. (Buell, 2004). In short, once a person became a slave, he was treated worse than animals and there was no value for his existence or his life and if anything bad happened to him, nobody would be accounted for it since he was a slave who was worthy of nothing. (Horton, 2006). The process through which people were made slaves and were sold out was very cruel. First, the slaves, usually Africans were captured. These people included both men and women of all ages. If these people had children, they were captured along with their parents only to grow up and become slaves automatically. These captured people were tied together to prevent them from running away, which was the case many a times whenever the slaves got the opportunity. (Buell, 2004). Then these slaves were taken to special places called Slave Factories where they were tested for their health, strength and wellbeing. The stronger and healthier the slave would be, the higher he would be priced for. The slaves were also tested for their appearance and beauty. For male slaves, the more handsome and good-looking they were, the more expensive they got and for female slaves, the more beautiful they were, the higher they were priced at. (Buell, 2004). After the tests were carried out, the weak and malnourished slaves were set free as they were not of much use while the others were then branded with blazing iron brands in order to create a Slave Identity. (Buell, 2004). Once these people were made slaves, they were the property of the capturer and were then

Ethical Issues in Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethical Issues in Business - Essay Example Likewise, the working definition from the ISO 26000 Working Group on Social Responsibility (2007) was noted as: â€Å"Social responsibility (is the) responsibility of an organisation for the impacts of its decisions and activities on society and the environment through transparent and ethical behaviour that is consistent with sustainable development and the welfare of society; takes into account the expectations of stakeholders; is in compliance with applicable law and consistent with international norms of behaviour; and is integrated throughout the organization† (International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2007, p. 4). When apparently asked by the area’s food bank for donation of day-old products, it was noted that management declined making any donation for the reasons that it could be a precursor for potential lost revenues which could be due to possible fraud and stealing by employees who might say they are donating the food. These statements are indicative of management’s narrow perspectives that focus on negative insights and unsubstantiated claims. In no way is corporate social responsibility being exemplified and manifested by Company Q by opting to throw the food instead of having other community members benefit from their products. To improve on Company Q’s attitude toward social responsibility, the organization’s management team must be apprised that organizations that actively implement and practice corporate social responsibility (CSR) by integrating CSR activities within their policies and philosophies, were found to be more productive and financially successful (International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2007). As such, the following recommendations are suggested: (2) Address any perceived potential fraud or stealing through enforcing stricter control measures that could easily detect violations of trust and applying sanctions through the organization’s code of

E Commerce On Marketing Strategy Of Hotel Industry Marketing Essay

E Commerce On Marketing Strategy Of Hotel Industry Marketing Essay E-commerce is defined as the complete set of process that supports business activities in 1970s and 1980s; this would also have involved information analysis. The growth and acceptance of credit cards, automated teller machine (ATM) and telephone banking in 1980s were also forms of e commerce. The web first become well known among general public in 1994 and it took four years for security protocols (like HTTPS) to become sufficient developed and widely deployed. E commerce starts its relations with hotel in twenty first century, which was very different and complex than before. This way of business attract the hotel also for upgrading their business and here the marketing strategies of hotel industry become changed. Direct link with the customers through e commerce gave ideas to the hotel industry to change the customers expectations like when, how they want their needs and what is the budget of the customers for their product (rooms). The usual expectation of the hotels is that e co mmerce promotes friction-free-capitalism (CF. [Gates 1995]), with distribution cost reduced. It is easy to see that how this can happen, as the older communication system such as the post office, telegraph, telephone and the fax have all served but the cheapest, easiest, and time reduction way for the hotel revenue is e commerce. Many hotels have registration and payment done online. By the e commerce a customer can select the hotel, days and type of rooms from those automatically listed as available. Also hotels can order their supplies from companies that have e commerce services available. It also help the customers to choose their needs without thinking of time duration weather it is day or night at anytime. (www.school-for-champions.com) Although we all would likely agree that a balanced distribution strategy, which leverages both direct and indirect channels, including third-party sites and the GDS, is the best solution to optimize hotel revenue, if we will focus on the advantages of direct distribution. Specifically, we will look at how direct distribution is empowering hotels like never before to drive demand, generate profitable business, and maximize ROI for owners, regardless of the affiliation they may choose. Here is just one example of the power of the Internet to level the playing field across hotels of all types. What do the Royal Crown, Sofitel Brussels, Hotel Amigo and Hotel Metro pole have in common? They are luxury properties. They are located here in Brussels. They have different brand promises to their guests. They include an independent, a branded property, and representation company hotel. What they all have in common is that each of these hotels is placed on page 1 of Googles search results when s earching for Brussels luxury hotel. They are on the first page of a popular European OTA, Lastminute.com. And they are listed as a preferred placement on the GDS. (www.hospitalitynet.org) So, the Internet is an equalizer. Hotels can compete at previously unattainable levels. Now, no matter what the distribution strategy or marketing affiliation, hotels can compete effectively across all distribution channels. What this new playing field has done is give control for all channels of distribution back to hotels. In the excitement over the Internet as a new distribution tool, hotels unintentionally relinquished too much control of their bookings to third parties. With direct distribution, hotels can take back control of their pricing, their brand identity, their promise to guests, and their relationship with the customer. Most importantly, direct distribution allows hotels to take back control of profitability. To understand where the marketing strategy is leading in hotel industry by e commerce there is an example. In yesterdays model, hotels entrusted others to do their bookings. In Europes fragmented hotel industry there is not any coordinated effort for its distribution. Here, the mostly independent and small hotels are less than 30 percent represented in the Global Distribution Systems. The travel agents and tour operators were the lifeline to most hotels. In this model, the consumer had to use the travel agent and tour operators access to hotel information to make informed decisions, as there was little information available directly to the consumers. For those that did decide to expand their reach through electronic distribution systems, the Global Distribution Systems were the only alternative. In this model, the Brands provided the much-needed visibility. It gave hotels an identity, a way to be recognized. For the consumer, the Brand delivered a level of comfort. It was a pledge to the customer to deliver THE SAME as they traveled to unfamiliar territory. There were no travel- blogs or other review sites. In yesterdays model, the stars system was THE hotel review system that proved the level of Quality. Some hotels did see the Web as an opportunity to present their selves online, displaying information pages about their hotel, more like an online brochure than an e-commerce site. This while some Travel agents did embrace e-commerce and ingeniously moved their models online with dramatically increased inventories, promising mass volume, but at the cost of profitability for hotels. (www.hospitalityebusiness.com) Things are changing as it is mentioned before and it is crucial for hotels to stay abreast of the market. If they dont, their long-term success might be jeopardized by increasing and intensified competition. Hotels who do not diversify by leveraging the multiple channels can find themselves in situations that parallel the 70s in Spain, where tour operators dictated the room rates. The Center for Regional and Tourism Research reported that in Europe online hotel room sales increased by as much as 34 percent from 2004 to 2005 and reached over 25 billion in Europe in 2005. A further increase of about 25 percent during 2006 is expected. 120 million consumers are online across Germany, the UK, Italy, France, and Spain, according to Forrester Research. Broadband has become widely available, and prices have dropped dramatically. Phocus Wright statistics released last days predict that almost 40% of hotel booking in Europe will be booked online by 2008. Forrester, also points out that TWO of the TOP THREE most popular online activities for all users are travel related-researching hotel for holiday destinations and preparing booking online. (www.hospitalitynet.org) These changes cannot be ignored. Consumer behavior is changing and hotels need to adapt their relationships to reflect these changes, or be left behind. If we will focus we can say the e-commerce does appear to be leveling the playing field, and its transparency seems to be dictating the need for new distribution models. Now Why would a hotel encourage its customers to buy via the intermediary for less when it means even less yield for them? The Intercontinental Hotel Group, who was among the first to implement Best Rate Guarantees, even went so far as to implement a code of conduct and certification program for partner intermediaries. The hotel group eventually withdrew its inventory from Expedia and Hotels.com. Not surprisingly, then, we see why many hotels are moving to a consistent online pricing policy a nd have made their own web site top priority. In 2005, European direct travel suppliers booked almost TWICE as much business as the intermediaries with 66% of travel sales. (www.hospitalitynet.org) The Internets capabilities have matured to the point that it really is changing the way they do business. And so a new direct distribution model has emerged. This change in the online marketplace is not only changing how consumers shop, it is influencing what they shop for. Lets see what this means to competition for a couple sample markets. In London, where all parties are growing, independent hotels have had a growth of 21.3 percent, leading to revenue growth of 19.2 percent-well above the market average. Independents have been able to increase their ADR by 2 percent year-over-year, which has allowed them to see increases in revenue of nearly 20 percent. Reservations also grew for this segment, illustrating that independents can command the high price for the business. Independent hotels are also making gains in Paris. Independents saw an increase in bookings of 12.7 percent, leading to revenue growth of almost 10 percent. They are also seeing some other interesting trends in the Paris market. Independent hotels are commanding a $100 premium on their ADR as compared to the branded hotels in this market. While independents have taken small increases year-over-year to maintain this high ADR, branded hotels maintained their year-over-year ADR and experienced a loss in bookings and revenue. This data, from Travel CLICKs pr oprietary database, shows that independents can in fact compete with the brands today. (www.hospitalityebusiness.com) Indeed hotels have many choices. The choice of direct or indirect distribution is often related to brand affiliation and many times they go hand in hand. It is a business decision whether to go independent or fly a brand flag a decision that includes distribution capability, marketing, management expertise, and more that all together translate into a ROI. Recently, The Righa Royale, The Greenbrier, Grand American, and Grand Bohemian Hotel are just a few of the hotels that have left brand affiliations to go solo. Now the de-branding phenomenon is making its way to Europe. For example, here in Brussels, the Royal Crown Hotel recently de-branded. A brand is the product of experiences and is much more than a name or a logo. A brand is a pledge to consumers to deliver consistency in an effort to meet expectations. (www.hospitalityebusiness.com) Franchise/management company fees do, however, represent one of the largest operating expenses for branded hotels. When we look at the average GDS fees, we come to a sample reservation cost of $25; the average OTA reservation cost is $33. And a direct booking through Web site will cost only $7.50 in this scenario. These high fees can be over 10% of room revenue, which is as significant as having a  ¼ share partner! (www.hospitalitynet.org) Again, we come to the same conclusion. With a level playing field, direct distribution will yield hotels higher profits than third-party bookings. In the new model, every customer counts. It should be no surprise that positive consumer reviews have helped increases sales on Amazon.com and eBay for years and now are doing the same for Travel city, Expedia, and Sheraton. Today there are Central Reservation Systems and enhanced web booking engines that help hotels merchandise and differentiate their properties. New content management solutions help manage and distribute rich digital content including photos, video, room plans, and other brand-defining elements that need consistency across all channels. Today channel management solutions can quickly and easily manage the ever-increasing number of channels including GDS and OTA Web sites through a single user interface. All this, together with real time market based Competitive Intelligence, makes hoteliers informed and in charge of their distribution. In fact, those who have taken control of their destiny are being rewarded with higher revenues. Now that everything is so connected there is consistent 2-way communication. A wealth of market intelligence enables hoteliers to make even more informed decisions on their distribution and marketing strategies. And CRM-like applications keep hotels in touch wi th their most important assets their customers. Another way of e-commerce is Search engine marketing, which is an essential component of the hotel direct online distribution strategy. Almost 85 percent of Internet users rely on search engines such as Google, Yahoo and MSN to locate relevant information on the Web. Marketing is an extremely dynamic field. Search algorithms change, new search techniques and formats are introduced, new search services are launched, and new challenges emerge daily those keep search marketers busy. The result of web traffic affects a lot on those hotels, which are on the first page. Approximately 50 percent of people on the first page went to the second page and so on. Which affects the hotel and its marketing strategy off course. So the conclusion drawn from above is that competing on the search engines by appearing as early and as often as possible is of increasing importance. How a Web site achieves top position is not simply an adjustment of the Web page, but a concerted effort that requires time, expertise, and resources in Web site optimization and search marketing. Now another mode of attraction for the customers are how the web page of the hotel is made up have like how attractive is it and how much is it easier for a customer to search any information related to their need? If we will see in past there is an example, which can make it easier to understand. In a highly competitive northern California market, a boutique hotel needed to outsmart its competition and boost ADRs, revenues and occupancy rates. Internet distribution and marketing strategy developed from scratch. Actions: HeBS launched an aggressive Direct Online Distribution and Marketing Strategy for the hotel, including an award winning des igned Web site, email marketing, search marketing and link popularity strategies. Results: Within 12 months the hotel opt-in e-mail list grew from practically zero to more than 10,000 recipients. The website ranks in top positions on all major search engines for most popular keyword terms. The hotel website, supported by powerful email, search marketing, link creation and online sponsorship campaigns has indeed become the first point of contact with customers and over 50% of hotel bookings come via the hotel website.( www.hospitalityimpact.com) Many hotel sites are performing poorly as far as online distribution and search engine strategy are concerned. Why? Many hotel sites have been developed by Web designers who know nothing about the hospitality industry, based on input and concepts by hoteliers who are not experts on Internet strategy, online distribution, and E-Marketing. And many of them were designed as online brochures without taking into account principles in fundamental search engine marketing and online distribution. Such hotel sites inevitably produce poor results and few bookings. Strong search engine rankings require systematic, ongoing Web site optimization. Only a fully optimized site developed according to the best practices in online distribution and marketing can produce robust revenues, top search engine rankings, and position your hotel company ahead of the competition. Website optimization takes a comprehensive look at the Web site and prepares it for its best performance maximum user experience, book ability and conversion rates and yes, the search engines.

Social, Economic and Political Factors Involved in the Spanish Civil Wa

Social, Economic and Political Factors Involved in the Spanish Civil War With reference to any civil war in the 20th century examine the social, economic and political background to the divisions in the society involved. To what extent were the problems which caused the war resolved in the post-war period? The state of Spain during the early years of the 20th century can be said to have been a state of great "unease". Spain was one of the first powers to loose her imperial influence, the state was politically unstable, industrially weak and had suffered some humiliating defeats. It can be said that these were the main causes that lead to the great instability of Spain during the Civil war and post civil war periods. Left-winged radicalism and nationalistic movements, such as the Catalan movement frequently came into conflict with the central government, which lead the government to use corruption more and more frequently as a form of control. The result was a military coup in 1923 lead by Miguel Primo de Rivera. Rivera preferred a more direct way of governing, with a strong Christian base and a very anti-communist attitude. He did not like party politics, preferring to govern pragmatically, at first with a military cabinet, but later on (1926) he decided a systematic government would be more efficient. So he introduced the `National Assembly' intended to represent different classes and groups, probably to soften the opposition; as well as the Union Patriotica, created to mobilize popular support for his regime. Rivera also managed to strengthen the Spanish infra-structure, but the funding had to come from loans from other nations, because the upper classes would not a... ...d. A great success was the 1953 Madrid Pact between Spain and the U.S.A, which provided Spain with quite a substantial amount of military and monetary aid in return for access to its military bases. This pact, as well as the better relations between Spain and the other powers and the great stability brought about because of the enormous repression that came with his regime, led Spain to booming years during the 1960's. The Spanish people saw a better Spain, economically, but it was still in a very primitive state politically and socially compared to other european nations, who were not under military rule (with a few exceptions, of course). The end of the Franco regime left many scars in the social and political side of Spain. People had been submitted to a suppressive state, where very little regard for any basic human right was given.

Dante Alighieri’s Inferno Paper Essay

Inferno is the first part of Dante Alighieri’s 14th-century epic poem Divine Comedy. Inferno is an allegory telling of the journey of Dante through Hell, guided by the Roman poet Virgil. In the poem, Hell is described as nine circles of suffering located within the Earth. Allegorically, the Divine Comedy represents the journey of the soul towards God, with the Inferno describing the recognition and rejection of sin. Because Dante is an educated Christian, he uses mythological references to make Hell visually appealing. Dante is guided By Virgil because he believes Virgil represents human reason, something very important to Dante. The two poets begin their journey to Purgatory by descending into the first circle of Hell. The first circle of the nine is Limbo. Limbo is â€Å"a region on the edge of hell for those who are not saved even though they did not sin† (University of Texas). In Limbo, there is a castle with seven gates which symbolize the seven virtues (historylis ts.org). This castle houses the great poets Homer, Horace, Ovid, and Lucan; it also houses great philosophers such as Aristotle, Socrates, Plato, Heraclitus, Orpheus, and Euclid. Dante uses the allusion of Aristotle as â€Å"[a] man with honor and respect† (http://apliterature-sasd.wikispaces.com). The second circle is known as Lust. Lust consists of the â€Å"people who were overcome by lust† (University of Texas). The souls in Lust â€Å"are punished by being blown violently back and forth by strong winds, preventing them to find peace and rest† (historylists.org). The strong winds symbolize the restlessness of a person who is led by desire for another person. Dante comes across a couple, Francesca and Paolo, who were murdered because they were practicing adultery. Lust is guarded by the mythological creature Minos. Minos’ tail determines which level each and every soul belongs. Once a soul has told Minos why they are in Hell, his tail coils around his body and e ach coil represents a circle in Hell. Dante uses Minos as the â€Å"king of sinners† because Minos himself was surrounded by sinner during his lifetime. The Third circle is known as Gluttony. Gluttony is where the Gluttonous sinners suffer under a cold and filthy rain. Gluttony is guarded by Cerberus, the three-headed dog. Dante â€Å"adapts him to be more monstrous by his large size and ravenous bite, an apt symbol for gluttony† (foxtwin.com). Dante uses particular names for particular people in each circle. A prime example of this would be when Dante and Virgil come across Ciacco the most gluttonous  man. He warns Dante that their hometown, Florence, will be destroyed. The fourth circle, avarice and prodigality, is known for housing those who lust for material needs and those who keep their wealth all for themselves. The punishment for this circle is to carry around large boulders and bump against each other. â€Å"The boulder represents money and the weight of the boulder represents its weight in their lives† (University of Texas). Here, Virgil and Dante come across Plutus, the God of Wealth. Dante uses Plutus to symbolize â€Å"those that squander and gather money† (foxtwin.com). The two Poets also come across Dame Fortune, the spinner of the world. As a result of her spinning wheel, things turn from good to bad. Dante uses Dame Fortune to represent chance in a human’s life. The fifth circle represents Wrath and Sullenness. â€Å"Wrath is anger that is expressed and Sullenness is and that is repressed† (University of Texas). Dante and Virgil are transported across the Styx by Phlegyas,† the infernal employee†. Phlegyas is in Hell because he set fire to the temple of Apollo. The sixth circle represents Heresy. In Heresy, the heretics lie in tombs made of iron and engulfed in flames. While in Heresy, the Poets are temporarily halted and must wait for the help from Heaven. While waiting for help, Infernal Furies taunt and curse them. The seventh circle, Violence, is divided into three kinds of violence. The first is violence against neighbor s on the bloody River Phlegethon. The river is not made of water, but of blood. Here, Virgil and Dante come across the Centaurs, the half-man and half-horse creature. The poets also come across the Minotaur. The Minotaur occasionally eats seven young men and women, in which Dante uses to symbolize violence. The second violence is against self in the Woods of Self. â€Å"The souls of those who destroyed their bodies or their substance are here to be made into thorny trees† (foxtwin.com). Since the souls destroyed their own bodies, they were denied any resemblance to a body in Hell. The leaves of these trees were painfully eaten by the Harpies. The third violence is against God, Art, and Nature on the burning sand. The eighth circle consists of the fraudulent sinners. This circle is shaped similar to an arena with â€Å"ten concentric ditches where the sinners are tortured† (foxtwin.com). Each ditch is composed with different types of fraudulent sinners: the Panderers, the Flatterers, the Simoniacs, the Fortune Tellers, the Grafters, the Hypocrites, Thieves, and Deceivers. In circle eight, the Poets meet the complex monster Geryon. Geryon would lure  in his victims and then devour them, allowing Dante to use him as fraud. Dante also uses Pope Nicholas II as a symbol as fraud. The final circle is known as The Treacherous or Cocytus. Cocytus â€Å"is the coldest place in Hell† (University of Texas). This circle consists of four smaller circles: Caina, Antenora, Ptolomea, and Judecca. Dante uses three unnamed giants to symbolize â€Å"pride and other spiritual flaws lying behind acts of treachery† (University of Texas). Dante, in his work Inferno, uses several historical and mythological figures to show his Christian devotion and Greek mythological knowledge. He also used these figures to make the poem a better read and to make modern connections of the t ime.