Why Should Animals Have Rights

Advocacy groups and humanitarians alike have long argued for the rights of animals around the world, fighting for their right as sentient creatures to a life free of torture and suffering. Some advocate for not using animals as food, clothing or other goods and others such as vegans even go as far as to denounce the use of animal by-products.   In the United States, people often say that they love animals and that they consider their pets to be part of the family, but many draw the line at animal rights. Isnt it enough that we treat them humanely? Why should animals have rights? What rights should animals have? How are those rights different from human rights? The fact of the matter is that since the U.S. Department of Agriculture  issued the 1966 Animal Welfare Act,  even animals used in commercial farming are entitled to a certain base-level of treatment. But that differs from the wants of animal rights activist groups like People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) or the more extreme British direct-action group known as the Animal Liberation Front.   Animal Rights Versus Animal Welfare The animal welfare view, which is distinguishable from the animal rights view, is that humans can use and exploit animals as long as the animals are treated humanely and the use is not too frivolous. To animal rights activists, the main problem with this view is that humans do not have the right to use and exploit animals, no matter how well the animals are treated. Buying, selling, breeding, confining, and killing animals infringe on the animals rights, no matter how humanely they are treated. Furthermore, the idea of treating animals humanely is vague and means something different to everyone. For instance, an egg farmer may think that there is nothing wrong with killing male chicks by grinding them up alive  to cut feeding costs versus yield. Also, cage-free eggs are not as humane as the industry would have us believe. In fact, a cage-free egg operation buys their eggs from the same hatcheries that factory farms buy from, and those hatcheries kill the male chicks as well.   The idea of humane meat also seems absurd to animal rights activists, since the animals must be killed to obtain the meat. And for farms to be profitable, those animals are killed as soon as they reach slaughter weight, which is still very young.   Why Should Animals Have Rights? Animal rights activism is based on the idea that animals are sentient and that speciesism is wrong, the former of which is scientifically backed — an international panel of neuroscientists declared in 2012 that non-human animals have consciousness — and the latter is still hotly contested among humanitarians. Animal rights activists argue that because animals are sentient, the only reason humans are treated differently is speciesism, which is an arbitrary distinction based on the incorrect belief that humans are the only species deserving of moral consideration. Speciesism, like racism and sexism, is wrong because of animals popular in the meat industry like cows, pigs and chickens suffer when confined, tortured and slaughtered and there is no reason to morally distinguish between humans and non-human animals. The reason that people have rights is to prevent unjust suffering. Similarly, the reason that animal rights activists want animals to have rights is to prevent them from suffering unjustly. We have animal cruelty statutes to prevent some animal suffering, although U.S law prohibits only the most egregious, extraordinary animal cruelty. These laws do nothing to prevent most forms of animal exploitation, including fur, veal, and  foie gras. Human Rights Versus Animal Rights No one is asking for animals to have the same rights as humans, but in an animal rights activists ideal world, animals would have the right to live free of human use and exploitation — a  vegan world  where animals are no longer used for food, clothing or entertainment. While there is some debate as to what basic human rights are, most people recognize that other humans have certain fundamental rights. According to the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, human rights include the right to life, liberty and security of person..an adequate standard of living...to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution...to own property...freedom of opinion and expression...to education...of thought, conscience and religion; and the right to freedom from torture and degrading treatment, among others.   These rights are different from animal rights because we have the power to ensure that other humans have access to food and housing, are free from torture, and can express themselves. On the other hand, its not in our power to ensure that every bird has a nest or that every squirrel has an acorn. Part of animal rights is leaving the animals alone to live their lives, without encroaching on their world or their lives.

Magistrates of Morality How the Euthyphro Dilemma...

Throughout human history, the topic of theology has been a central aspect of everyday life. A common denominator of all modern-day religions is that they provide a set of rules which one is to follow in order to live as a good, moral being. When a deity (or a group of deities) commands followers to abide by specific moral standards though a vehicle such as prophets, religious texts or otherwise, this is called Divine Command Theory (DCT). Those who accept this theory believe that moral action coincides with what has been ordered by the deities, and immoral action would occur when one deviates from these orders. Despite this theory remaining relevant into the twenty-first century, it has still yet to solve one age-old dilemma. The Euthyphro†¦show more content†¦In layman’s terms, this passage, which has come to be known as the Euthyphro Argument, can be interpreted as asking, â€Å"is an action right because the gods command it, or do the gods command it because it is right?† (Week 9, Lecture 1, Slide 10). For the purposes of this essay, I will refer to the first half of this simplified query as proposition A, and the second as proposition B. The Euthyphro Argument is mystifying because there is no simple answer. It must be that either an action is good because the gods command it, or that they command an action because it is good. The answer has to be one or the other, not both nor neither. As you will see throughout this essay, coming to a precise conclusion on which horn holds true is not feasible. However, this quandary has posed catastrophic problems for all subscribers to DCT, and has opened the door to deep philosophical inquiry on the matter. To begin this examination into the strength of the Euthyphro Argument, let us first ponder the best objection a Divine Command theorist could make to proposition A. Proposition A asks if an action is right because God commands it. A Divine Command theorist would argue that moral actions are in deed divinely established, so an action can only be considered moral if it adheres to the commandments of the deities. They would also note that an action which strays from

Importance of Human Resource Management

Questions: 1. Identify and critically analyze the issues related to Tolus alleged conduct that have been raised by the company against her in the above scenario. These issues could include managing conduct, company reputation, staff communications and privacy at work. 2. As an HR consultant, critically discuss the implications for good practice with regards to managing social media within the workplace. Answers: Introduction: The case study of the Tolu regarding the justification of her termination by the employer has been discussed. The employers of Tolu have terminated her because of her one specific comment in one social networking blog that she has used three days back. The employee knew that the management and human resource department of the company checks their social networking sites. For the reason the employee remains concerned about the kind of comment and post she puts on the wall of the social sites and blogs but she was not concerned about that while making a comment in her personal blog few days back. Latter it has been found that the employee was not sick and for this reason the company has fired her for telling lies to her official authorities. However, the researcher has analyzed not that the termination of one employee for that reason is justified or not. Legal conditions of terminating one employee for that reason has been analyzed concerning the termination offence committed by the cl ient. The management conduct, privacy of the employee and the reputation of the company has been discussed with proper relevancy. Proper management of the social media sites of the employee has been discussed too. The analyst has provided few sample incidents to make his judgment and argument stronger. 1. There should have been management procedure of the behavior of the employee. The first way to manage any improper behavior is to provide better condition for work so that the employee remains satisfied with the work place. The employee must not be overloaded with jobs and the company should not demand any kind of performance that is beyond the reach of the employee. The grievance of any employee can become the cause of any sarcastic and humiliating remark by the employee. the working within the office should be more relaxing so that the employee would not find ways to provide false excuses to avoid a wide work pressure. There should be a strategy to maintain the confidentiality of the company. The employee in public should not disclose the working procedure and type of work of the company. The company should keep a close watch on what the employee of the company are sharing outside. The HR authority of the company found that the reason for taking her leave a false one but instead of providing any disciplinary measures against them, the company directly terminated the employee as stated by Baluch (2016). The privacy of the employee should be maintained. The employer or the office authority must not get too much involved in the personal blogs and the sites of the employee. The employee should have the right to interfere with her blog postal the time. The company has the right to advice and consults the workers so that they do not put on any offensive comment. However, the company can punish if something wrong is detected in the public statement of the employee. There is a big difference between public and private activities. The employee should not comment whatever they like without becoming concerned about the effect of that comment on others and claiming afterwards that the comment is related to her personal life. The employees should not produce any false reason for any reason. The company can take drastic action against the employee. Reputation is a matter of great issue for every company as stated by Ulrich (2013). The entire and marketing and business of the company depends on the reputation of the organization. Not only have the customers of any company but also the other employees that are in the organization grown a negative influence about the company. The company in the case is a holiday packing company where the entire business depends on the reputation of the company. Therefore, the comment of Tolu is a punishable offence. However, the company should have considered the matter in a light way because there are many employees in the organization who express the work pressure in a radical way. A piece of punishment for lesson is enough to ratify the behavior of the employee. Her comment has clearly shown that the employ considers her company in a very low esteem, as there is a great disparity in the comment and action. The employees of the organization should be allowed to communicate with each other freely. If the natural communication procedure were put under litigation the employees of the organization would be more agitated against the organization as stated by Bratton and Gold (2012). There should be a free flow in the on the office floor among all the employees. There can be one managing authority of the communication of the employees. The employees should be provided enough motivation and should be interacted with the examples of hard working and efficient writers so that they can be satisfied. This would make them work hard and go through a lot of trouble for the company which out much allegation and complain. Thus, the communication of the employees should be kept clean and free of radical and offensive criticism among the employees. The loyalty of the employees would increase in that case and that is the most important thing needs to avoid any case of fake reason and falsity with the comp any employees. There are certain legal conditions that the company authority must keep in mind before terminating one employee. The company cannot sac the employee for any vague reason. The comment the employee has been the reason for the termination process. There can be some issues related to the damage of the company such as there was an offensive term in her comment idiot that addressed her higher authorities and the company works in general that belittled the company image. The comments also mentioned she has to go through a heavy work pressure and that has directly affected the reflection of the company. However, the under the UK Law of Employment Act 1996 F243G there is a condition that if the employees comment has been unintentional the and that comment has not been used for any personal advantage the company cannot sac the employee (Legislation.gov.uk. 2016). The Employment act 1996 section 94 have the provision for the employee to lodge objection against the company because it says that t he employee cannot be fired for any unjustified by the authority and there must be strong points and intention of crime to terminate the employee from the work place. There are Trade Union relations 1992 for the employee to find shelter when terminated wrongly with a minor cause. The employee can also claim the comment on the heavy work pressure to be true and that the environment of work for the employee has been damaged by heavy work pressure. The Employment right act 1996 F243B has a provision for considering an issue if the working condition and the environment of the workplace has been quite distressing. One comment in the social networking site is most of the time made in light air and terminating one employee for that reason is a matter of great concern. 2. The social media has many advantages as well as disadvantages in the professional field of HR. the human resource team of the company must use the social media to gather more interviewer whenever necessary. If the rang of interviewer would be huge the Hr would be able to chose better candidates from the appeared candidates as stated by Brown et al. (2015). The HR of the company would be able to understand the issues of the employees by communicating with them with the help of social media. The social media profiles of the employees reveals new secrets about them and that is the reason the profiles make the Hr of the company aware of the employes and match their professional behavior with that. Sometimes the worker can discuss a matter in private but disclosing the thing in public and especially any statement which is not based on the facts of real life. A public comment has great potentiality it can reach to anyone within a flip of second. The comment can even reach to the one who should not get informed about the matter. The company can have their own profile in the social websites that help the employees to now the terms and conditions of the work places better as stated by Woodrowand Guest (2014). The human resource manager of the company must use the social media account of the company to make the new employees feel as a member of the organization. The organizations popularity can be presented to attract more efficient employees to the organization. Therefore, the human resource department of all the companies must use the potentiality of the social media. There should be some efficient guidelines to run the human resource practices in a systematic and proper way. The training and development of the employees are the best way to manage the employees of one office or organization. in the competitive market the work pattern is constantly changing for an employee. Therefore, to fit the employees to the proper job role the HR team must arrange for program. Training programs are also suggested in the case of change of the designation of one employee. The existing employee of the company needs guidance like the new employees to meet the need of his job. The incentive system is the best way to encourage the employees so that they become eager to learn different things and apply that to the best of their capability as stated by Kohont and Brewster (2014). The human resource team must teach the employees the way to balance the pressure of different kinds of work within a minimum time. The employees of the organization most of the times become puzzled with the works that are necessary to be completed simultaneously and the workplace started becoming a hell for them. For this reason, Tolu told a lie for a day just to relax. The employees can prepare schedule and time chart that should include the timings of the works that are assigned to him according to the priority list. This process can help them from becoming messed up with the large list of duties that they have on daily basis. The HR team should teach them the techniques save time in the working process. The HR should teach them to become consistent in their performance and the employees should be deeply involved in the study to provide better performance both from the qualitative and quantitative aspect. There are some theories of motivating the employees that the human resources department of the company uses such as the Maslows The Hierarchy of Needs theory. It the widely used theory of all the motivational theories the HR can use. The psychiatrist has been very practical in his understanding of the needs of human mind. He presented the hierarchal need in a particular structure. According to Abraham Maslow the primary needs of the human beings must be met first like that of food and shelter and thus, rising to the next steps of the need that are necessary for the other purposes. The hierarch in a work place starts with psychological needs, safety needs, social needs, self-esteem needs and self-actualization need. Conclusion: In the study of the human resource consultant in the case of one terminated employees has been discussed. In the study has identified some specific laws related to UK employment. The study has considered the act of providing false excuses as a punishable offence but the there are some law s that the terminated employee can apply because of too much work pressure. The HR team of the company should be involved in the case to teach the employee some tricks to tackle the problems of work life. The study helped to understand the motivational process of one employee by providing effective theories and guidance to the human resource department. Thus, the study has been a comprehensive analysis with suggestion of the purposes of the human resource department of any organization. Reference list: Books: Bratton, J. and Gold, J., (2012).Human resource management: theory and practice. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Ulrich, D., (2013).Human resource champions: The next agenda for adding value and delivering results.London: Harvard Business Press. Journals: Al Ariss, A., Cascio, W.F. and Paauwe, J., (2014.) Talent management: Current theories and future research directions.Journal of World Business,49(2), pp.173-179. Baluch, A.M., (20160. Employee perceptions of HRM and well-being in nonprofit organizations: unpacking the unintended.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,34(6) pp.1-26. Bos-Nehles, A. and Van Riemsdijk, M.,( 2014). Innovating HRM Implementation: The Influence of Organisational Contingencies on the HRM Role of Line Managers.Human Resource Management, Social Innovation and Technology (Advanced Series in Management, Volume 14) Emerald Group Publishing Limited,14(9), pp.101-133. Brown, M., Kulik, C.T., Cregan, C. and Metz, I., (2015). Understanding the ChangeCynicism Cycle: The Role of HR.Human Resource Management, 34(6),pp.78-90. Currie, G., Burgess, N. and Hayton, J.C., (2015.) HR practices and knowledge brokering by hybrid middle managers in hospital settings: the influence of professional hierarchy.Human Resource Management,54(5), pp.793-812. Froehlich, D.E., Beausaert, S. and Segers, M., (2016). Aging and the motivation to stay employable.Journal of Managerial Psychology,31(3),pp10-20. Froehlich, D.E., Beausaert, S. and Segers, M., (2016). Aging and the motivation to stay employable.Journal of Managerial Psychology,31(3),pp 65-70. Kohont, A. and Brewster, C., (2014.) The roles and competencies of HR managers in Slovenian multinational companies.Baltic Journal of Management,9(3), pp.294-313. Mayes, B.T., Finney, T.G., Johnson, T.W., Shen, J. and Yi, L., (2016). The effect of human resource practices on perceived organizational support in the Peoples Republic of China.The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 21(5),pp.1-30. Monks, K., Kelly, G., Conway, E., Flood, P., Truss, K. and Hannon, E., (2013). Understanding how HR systems work: the role of HR philosophy and HR processes.Human resource management journal,23(4), pp.379-395. Saratun, M., (2016). Performance management to enhance employee engagement for corporate sustainability.Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration,8(1),pp70- 80. Woodrow, C. and Guest, D.E., (2014). When good HR gets bad results: exploring the challenge of HR implementation in the case of workplace bullying.Human Resource Management Journal,24(1), pp.38-56. Zhong, L., Wayne, S.J. and Liden, R.C., (2015). Job engagement, perceived organizational support, highà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ performance human resource practices, and cultural value orientations: A crossà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ level investigation.Journal of Organizational Behavior. Website: Legislation.gov.uk. (2016).Employment Rights Act 1996. [online] Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/18/contents [Accessed 12 Mar. 2016].

Status through self-improvement Essay Example

Status through self-improvement Essay Chapter thirty-nine can be seen as a pivotal section of Great Expectations due to the climax that is forced upon Pip. However, it helps Pip realise that wealth and social class are not everything, but that friends and relationships are a lot more valuable. His relationship with Magwitch develops and he is now a lot more grateful towards him. There is a definite similarity between Joe Gargery and Magwitch as they have both been watching over Pip. Both men are kind and giving but also of the lower class and uneducated. Joe and Magwitch have educated Pip and given him an opportunity to grow up and become something. However, Pip does not see the as worthy of him and feels he is above them even though both men still love him. Pip has now completely accepted Magwitch as a second father and as a friend in one of the possible climaxes in chapter fifty-six. His understanding of life and of other people is at its fullest and he has now developed into his most mature phase in relation to his character. Now that Magwitch is dying, Pip is visiting him as he sympathises for the sick man.  Dickens refers to God in several ways in the last chapter of Great Expectations. He lets the reader see Magwitchs death as God forgiving him for what he has done and lets him pass away instead of meeting his death through execution. The write uses religion as a symbol to demonstrate the peace between Magwitch and Pip. We will write a custom essay sample on Status through self-improvement specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Status through self-improvement specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Status through self-improvement specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Glittering rays of April sun shows us how dickens felt that God was looking down on the courtroom and that he had the final say. Dickens makes the audience believe that Magwitch has come to peace with god who in return, forgives him with a quiet death. The Sunrise also suggests a victory for the old man as he passes away. The shaft of sunlight links together the judge and the convicts which shows that there was a sense of equality and that only one person decides what the outcome is. Dickens also uses the weather in pathetic fallacy where the rain symbolises sadness, as Magwitch will be executed, and the sunlight showing his happiness, as he will be able to die at peace with the world. Dickens emphasises the theme of Victorian attitudes towards criminality especially in the courtroom. All of the convicts who are to be tried and hanged are dealt with all together and at the same time as if they were a pack. This lets the reader see how Dickens saw how society viewed the lowest class. They were not treated as individuals and not worthy of being treated fairly. The courtroom could almost be seen as some sort of show. This gives the reader the impression that people were there to receive some sort of entertainment as if it was a circus. This reduces the convicts to the lowest in the community as people used their suffering and eventually death as a form of enjoyment. Dickens can relate to the scene in the courtroom as he has previously worked in one. His father was also arrested and humiliated which I believe left a deep impression on Dickens about how the system was run. He says, I could scarcely believe when all the people were about to be tried which shows a sign of hatred towards the court. He shows how people were demoralised in front of an audience and presents Magwitch as a victim of society. Dickens shows how the corrupt and biased court system favours the richer people and will not look at how Magwitchs life has changed in a positive way. Towards the end of Magwitchs death, Pip tells him about his long-lost daughter; Estella. She is a lady and very beautiful. And I love her! By telling Magwitch about his daughter he reveals that he can finally prioritise of the things, which matter in life. Pip stays with his benefactor until the end and is worried for his fate; while in contrast Magwitch is calm and is finally at peace with the world. This gives Magwitch everything he needs to die a peaceful death in knowing that he has made a true gentleman out of Pip. Magwitch is in many ways responsible for the alterations that have occurred throughout Pips existence. He has made him a more social and wealthy gentlemen as well. But, in many cases it has been Pip who has appreciated and regretted what he has done wrong in the past. With the help of Magwitch, Pip has been able to understand the importance of relationships and love, over wealth and social class. Dickens has used Pip to show how he has learned how to put his main concerns in front in many situations. He has helped the reader see how Pip has always wanted to improve himself as an idealist. This is shown when he wants to learn how to read and become a gentlemen on the whole. However Pips ambitions were morally wrong at first even though Magwitch helped him achieve them, but then, Magwitch also helped him become a true gentleman as well. Magwitch and Joe were both influential in the upbringing of Pip. But, I believe that Magwitch can be seen as a catalyst in regards to Pip as he has supported him financially and emotionally. Dickens has explored the differences in class during Great Expectations. He has discovered the poor and wretched criminals such as Magwitch, but he has also looked at the very rich and rude upper class including Mrs. Havisham. This is why the central theme of Charles Dickenss novel is social class and Pip is used to investigate this through him upgrading his status through self-improvement. The continuous development of Magwitchs and Pips characters are therefore dependent on this theme. Their relationship has helped uncover the attitudes of crime as it has shown through the various characters and is a theme that is repeated many times in the novel.