Why Should Animals Have Rights

Advocacy groups and humanitarians alike have long argued for the rights of animals around the world, fighting for their right as sentient creatures to a life free of torture and suffering. Some advocate for not using animals as food, clothing or other goods and others such as vegans even go as far as to denounce the use of animal by-products.   In the United States, people often say that they love animals and that they consider their pets to be part of the family, but many draw the line at animal rights. Isnt it enough that we treat them humanely? Why should animals have rights? What rights should animals have? How are those rights different from human rights? The fact of the matter is that since the U.S. Department of Agriculture  issued the 1966 Animal Welfare Act,  even animals used in commercial farming are entitled to a certain base-level of treatment. But that differs from the wants of animal rights activist groups like People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) or the more extreme British direct-action group known as the Animal Liberation Front.   Animal Rights Versus Animal Welfare The animal welfare view, which is distinguishable from the animal rights view, is that humans can use and exploit animals as long as the animals are treated humanely and the use is not too frivolous. To animal rights activists, the main problem with this view is that humans do not have the right to use and exploit animals, no matter how well the animals are treated. Buying, selling, breeding, confining, and killing animals infringe on the animals rights, no matter how humanely they are treated. Furthermore, the idea of treating animals humanely is vague and means something different to everyone. For instance, an egg farmer may think that there is nothing wrong with killing male chicks by grinding them up alive  to cut feeding costs versus yield. Also, cage-free eggs are not as humane as the industry would have us believe. In fact, a cage-free egg operation buys their eggs from the same hatcheries that factory farms buy from, and those hatcheries kill the male chicks as well.   The idea of humane meat also seems absurd to animal rights activists, since the animals must be killed to obtain the meat. And for farms to be profitable, those animals are killed as soon as they reach slaughter weight, which is still very young.   Why Should Animals Have Rights? Animal rights activism is based on the idea that animals are sentient and that speciesism is wrong, the former of which is scientifically backed — an international panel of neuroscientists declared in 2012 that non-human animals have consciousness — and the latter is still hotly contested among humanitarians. Animal rights activists argue that because animals are sentient, the only reason humans are treated differently is speciesism, which is an arbitrary distinction based on the incorrect belief that humans are the only species deserving of moral consideration. Speciesism, like racism and sexism, is wrong because of animals popular in the meat industry like cows, pigs and chickens suffer when confined, tortured and slaughtered and there is no reason to morally distinguish between humans and non-human animals. The reason that people have rights is to prevent unjust suffering. Similarly, the reason that animal rights activists want animals to have rights is to prevent them from suffering unjustly. We have animal cruelty statutes to prevent some animal suffering, although U.S law prohibits only the most egregious, extraordinary animal cruelty. These laws do nothing to prevent most forms of animal exploitation, including fur, veal, and  foie gras. Human Rights Versus Animal Rights No one is asking for animals to have the same rights as humans, but in an animal rights activists ideal world, animals would have the right to live free of human use and exploitation — a  vegan world  where animals are no longer used for food, clothing or entertainment. While there is some debate as to what basic human rights are, most people recognize that other humans have certain fundamental rights. According to the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, human rights include the right to life, liberty and security of person..an adequate standard of living...to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution...to own property...freedom of opinion and expression...to education...of thought, conscience and religion; and the right to freedom from torture and degrading treatment, among others.   These rights are different from animal rights because we have the power to ensure that other humans have access to food and housing, are free from torture, and can express themselves. On the other hand, its not in our power to ensure that every bird has a nest or that every squirrel has an acorn. Part of animal rights is leaving the animals alone to live their lives, without encroaching on their world or their lives.

Magistrates of Morality How the Euthyphro Dilemma...

Throughout human history, the topic of theology has been a central aspect of everyday life. A common denominator of all modern-day religions is that they provide a set of rules which one is to follow in order to live as a good, moral being. When a deity (or a group of deities) commands followers to abide by specific moral standards though a vehicle such as prophets, religious texts or otherwise, this is called Divine Command Theory (DCT). Those who accept this theory believe that moral action coincides with what has been ordered by the deities, and immoral action would occur when one deviates from these orders. Despite this theory remaining relevant into the twenty-first century, it has still yet to solve one age-old dilemma. The Euthyphro†¦show more content†¦In layman’s terms, this passage, which has come to be known as the Euthyphro Argument, can be interpreted as asking, â€Å"is an action right because the gods command it, or do the gods command it because it is right?† (Week 9, Lecture 1, Slide 10). For the purposes of this essay, I will refer to the first half of this simplified query as proposition A, and the second as proposition B. The Euthyphro Argument is mystifying because there is no simple answer. It must be that either an action is good because the gods command it, or that they command an action because it is good. The answer has to be one or the other, not both nor neither. As you will see throughout this essay, coming to a precise conclusion on which horn holds true is not feasible. However, this quandary has posed catastrophic problems for all subscribers to DCT, and has opened the door to deep philosophical inquiry on the matter. To begin this examination into the strength of the Euthyphro Argument, let us first ponder the best objection a Divine Command theorist could make to proposition A. Proposition A asks if an action is right because God commands it. A Divine Command theorist would argue that moral actions are in deed divinely established, so an action can only be considered moral if it adheres to the commandments of the deities. They would also note that an action which strays from

Importance of Human Resource Management

Questions: 1. Identify and critically analyze the issues related to Tolus alleged conduct that have been raised by the company against her in the above scenario. These issues could include managing conduct, company reputation, staff communications and privacy at work. 2. As an HR consultant, critically discuss the implications for good practice with regards to managing social media within the workplace. Answers: Introduction: The case study of the Tolu regarding the justification of her termination by the employer has been discussed. The employers of Tolu have terminated her because of her one specific comment in one social networking blog that she has used three days back. The employee knew that the management and human resource department of the company checks their social networking sites. For the reason the employee remains concerned about the kind of comment and post she puts on the wall of the social sites and blogs but she was not concerned about that while making a comment in her personal blog few days back. Latter it has been found that the employee was not sick and for this reason the company has fired her for telling lies to her official authorities. However, the researcher has analyzed not that the termination of one employee for that reason is justified or not. Legal conditions of terminating one employee for that reason has been analyzed concerning the termination offence committed by the cl ient. The management conduct, privacy of the employee and the reputation of the company has been discussed with proper relevancy. Proper management of the social media sites of the employee has been discussed too. The analyst has provided few sample incidents to make his judgment and argument stronger. 1. There should have been management procedure of the behavior of the employee. The first way to manage any improper behavior is to provide better condition for work so that the employee remains satisfied with the work place. The employee must not be overloaded with jobs and the company should not demand any kind of performance that is beyond the reach of the employee. The grievance of any employee can become the cause of any sarcastic and humiliating remark by the employee. the working within the office should be more relaxing so that the employee would not find ways to provide false excuses to avoid a wide work pressure. There should be a strategy to maintain the confidentiality of the company. The employee in public should not disclose the working procedure and type of work of the company. The company should keep a close watch on what the employee of the company are sharing outside. The HR authority of the company found that the reason for taking her leave a false one but instead of providing any disciplinary measures against them, the company directly terminated the employee as stated by Baluch (2016). The privacy of the employee should be maintained. The employer or the office authority must not get too much involved in the personal blogs and the sites of the employee. The employee should have the right to interfere with her blog postal the time. The company has the right to advice and consults the workers so that they do not put on any offensive comment. However, the company can punish if something wrong is detected in the public statement of the employee. There is a big difference between public and private activities. The employee should not comment whatever they like without becoming concerned about the effect of that comment on others and claiming afterwards that the comment is related to her personal life. The employees should not produce any false reason for any reason. The company can take drastic action against the employee. Reputation is a matter of great issue for every company as stated by Ulrich (2013). The entire and marketing and business of the company depends on the reputation of the organization. Not only have the customers of any company but also the other employees that are in the organization grown a negative influence about the company. The company in the case is a holiday packing company where the entire business depends on the reputation of the company. Therefore, the comment of Tolu is a punishable offence. However, the company should have considered the matter in a light way because there are many employees in the organization who express the work pressure in a radical way. A piece of punishment for lesson is enough to ratify the behavior of the employee. Her comment has clearly shown that the employ considers her company in a very low esteem, as there is a great disparity in the comment and action. The employees of the organization should be allowed to communicate with each other freely. If the natural communication procedure were put under litigation the employees of the organization would be more agitated against the organization as stated by Bratton and Gold (2012). There should be a free flow in the on the office floor among all the employees. There can be one managing authority of the communication of the employees. The employees should be provided enough motivation and should be interacted with the examples of hard working and efficient writers so that they can be satisfied. This would make them work hard and go through a lot of trouble for the company which out much allegation and complain. Thus, the communication of the employees should be kept clean and free of radical and offensive criticism among the employees. The loyalty of the employees would increase in that case and that is the most important thing needs to avoid any case of fake reason and falsity with the comp any employees. There are certain legal conditions that the company authority must keep in mind before terminating one employee. The company cannot sac the employee for any vague reason. The comment the employee has been the reason for the termination process. There can be some issues related to the damage of the company such as there was an offensive term in her comment idiot that addressed her higher authorities and the company works in general that belittled the company image. The comments also mentioned she has to go through a heavy work pressure and that has directly affected the reflection of the company. However, the under the UK Law of Employment Act 1996 F243G there is a condition that if the employees comment has been unintentional the and that comment has not been used for any personal advantage the company cannot sac the employee (Legislation.gov.uk. 2016). The Employment act 1996 section 94 have the provision for the employee to lodge objection against the company because it says that t he employee cannot be fired for any unjustified by the authority and there must be strong points and intention of crime to terminate the employee from the work place. There are Trade Union relations 1992 for the employee to find shelter when terminated wrongly with a minor cause. The employee can also claim the comment on the heavy work pressure to be true and that the environment of work for the employee has been damaged by heavy work pressure. The Employment right act 1996 F243B has a provision for considering an issue if the working condition and the environment of the workplace has been quite distressing. One comment in the social networking site is most of the time made in light air and terminating one employee for that reason is a matter of great concern. 2. The social media has many advantages as well as disadvantages in the professional field of HR. the human resource team of the company must use the social media to gather more interviewer whenever necessary. If the rang of interviewer would be huge the Hr would be able to chose better candidates from the appeared candidates as stated by Brown et al. (2015). The HR of the company would be able to understand the issues of the employees by communicating with them with the help of social media. The social media profiles of the employees reveals new secrets about them and that is the reason the profiles make the Hr of the company aware of the employes and match their professional behavior with that. Sometimes the worker can discuss a matter in private but disclosing the thing in public and especially any statement which is not based on the facts of real life. A public comment has great potentiality it can reach to anyone within a flip of second. The comment can even reach to the one who should not get informed about the matter. The company can have their own profile in the social websites that help the employees to now the terms and conditions of the work places better as stated by Woodrowand Guest (2014). The human resource manager of the company must use the social media account of the company to make the new employees feel as a member of the organization. The organizations popularity can be presented to attract more efficient employees to the organization. Therefore, the human resource department of all the companies must use the potentiality of the social media. There should be some efficient guidelines to run the human resource practices in a systematic and proper way. The training and development of the employees are the best way to manage the employees of one office or organization. in the competitive market the work pattern is constantly changing for an employee. Therefore, to fit the employees to the proper job role the HR team must arrange for program. Training programs are also suggested in the case of change of the designation of one employee. The existing employee of the company needs guidance like the new employees to meet the need of his job. The incentive system is the best way to encourage the employees so that they become eager to learn different things and apply that to the best of their capability as stated by Kohont and Brewster (2014). The human resource team must teach the employees the way to balance the pressure of different kinds of work within a minimum time. The employees of the organization most of the times become puzzled with the works that are necessary to be completed simultaneously and the workplace started becoming a hell for them. For this reason, Tolu told a lie for a day just to relax. The employees can prepare schedule and time chart that should include the timings of the works that are assigned to him according to the priority list. This process can help them from becoming messed up with the large list of duties that they have on daily basis. The HR team should teach them the techniques save time in the working process. The HR should teach them to become consistent in their performance and the employees should be deeply involved in the study to provide better performance both from the qualitative and quantitative aspect. There are some theories of motivating the employees that the human resources department of the company uses such as the Maslows The Hierarchy of Needs theory. It the widely used theory of all the motivational theories the HR can use. The psychiatrist has been very practical in his understanding of the needs of human mind. He presented the hierarchal need in a particular structure. According to Abraham Maslow the primary needs of the human beings must be met first like that of food and shelter and thus, rising to the next steps of the need that are necessary for the other purposes. The hierarch in a work place starts with psychological needs, safety needs, social needs, self-esteem needs and self-actualization need. Conclusion: In the study of the human resource consultant in the case of one terminated employees has been discussed. In the study has identified some specific laws related to UK employment. The study has considered the act of providing false excuses as a punishable offence but the there are some law s that the terminated employee can apply because of too much work pressure. The HR team of the company should be involved in the case to teach the employee some tricks to tackle the problems of work life. The study helped to understand the motivational process of one employee by providing effective theories and guidance to the human resource department. Thus, the study has been a comprehensive analysis with suggestion of the purposes of the human resource department of any organization. Reference list: Books: Bratton, J. and Gold, J., (2012).Human resource management: theory and practice. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Ulrich, D., (2013).Human resource champions: The next agenda for adding value and delivering results.London: Harvard Business Press. Journals: Al Ariss, A., Cascio, W.F. and Paauwe, J., (2014.) Talent management: Current theories and future research directions.Journal of World Business,49(2), pp.173-179. Baluch, A.M., (20160. Employee perceptions of HRM and well-being in nonprofit organizations: unpacking the unintended.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,34(6) pp.1-26. Bos-Nehles, A. and Van Riemsdijk, M.,( 2014). Innovating HRM Implementation: The Influence of Organisational Contingencies on the HRM Role of Line Managers.Human Resource Management, Social Innovation and Technology (Advanced Series in Management, Volume 14) Emerald Group Publishing Limited,14(9), pp.101-133. Brown, M., Kulik, C.T., Cregan, C. and Metz, I., (2015). Understanding the ChangeCynicism Cycle: The Role of HR.Human Resource Management, 34(6),pp.78-90. Currie, G., Burgess, N. and Hayton, J.C., (2015.) HR practices and knowledge brokering by hybrid middle managers in hospital settings: the influence of professional hierarchy.Human Resource Management,54(5), pp.793-812. Froehlich, D.E., Beausaert, S. and Segers, M., (2016). Aging and the motivation to stay employable.Journal of Managerial Psychology,31(3),pp10-20. Froehlich, D.E., Beausaert, S. and Segers, M., (2016). Aging and the motivation to stay employable.Journal of Managerial Psychology,31(3),pp 65-70. Kohont, A. and Brewster, C., (2014.) The roles and competencies of HR managers in Slovenian multinational companies.Baltic Journal of Management,9(3), pp.294-313. Mayes, B.T., Finney, T.G., Johnson, T.W., Shen, J. and Yi, L., (2016). The effect of human resource practices on perceived organizational support in the Peoples Republic of China.The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 21(5),pp.1-30. Monks, K., Kelly, G., Conway, E., Flood, P., Truss, K. and Hannon, E., (2013). Understanding how HR systems work: the role of HR philosophy and HR processes.Human resource management journal,23(4), pp.379-395. Saratun, M., (2016). Performance management to enhance employee engagement for corporate sustainability.Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration,8(1),pp70- 80. Woodrow, C. and Guest, D.E., (2014). When good HR gets bad results: exploring the challenge of HR implementation in the case of workplace bullying.Human Resource Management Journal,24(1), pp.38-56. Zhong, L., Wayne, S.J. and Liden, R.C., (2015). Job engagement, perceived organizational support, highà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ performance human resource practices, and cultural value orientations: A crossà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ level investigation.Journal of Organizational Behavior. Website: Legislation.gov.uk. (2016).Employment Rights Act 1996. [online] Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/18/contents [Accessed 12 Mar. 2016].

Status through self-improvement Essay Example

Status through self-improvement Essay Chapter thirty-nine can be seen as a pivotal section of Great Expectations due to the climax that is forced upon Pip. However, it helps Pip realise that wealth and social class are not everything, but that friends and relationships are a lot more valuable. His relationship with Magwitch develops and he is now a lot more grateful towards him. There is a definite similarity between Joe Gargery and Magwitch as they have both been watching over Pip. Both men are kind and giving but also of the lower class and uneducated. Joe and Magwitch have educated Pip and given him an opportunity to grow up and become something. However, Pip does not see the as worthy of him and feels he is above them even though both men still love him. Pip has now completely accepted Magwitch as a second father and as a friend in one of the possible climaxes in chapter fifty-six. His understanding of life and of other people is at its fullest and he has now developed into his most mature phase in relation to his character. Now that Magwitch is dying, Pip is visiting him as he sympathises for the sick man.  Dickens refers to God in several ways in the last chapter of Great Expectations. He lets the reader see Magwitchs death as God forgiving him for what he has done and lets him pass away instead of meeting his death through execution. The write uses religion as a symbol to demonstrate the peace between Magwitch and Pip. We will write a custom essay sample on Status through self-improvement specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Status through self-improvement specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Status through self-improvement specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Glittering rays of April sun shows us how dickens felt that God was looking down on the courtroom and that he had the final say. Dickens makes the audience believe that Magwitch has come to peace with god who in return, forgives him with a quiet death. The Sunrise also suggests a victory for the old man as he passes away. The shaft of sunlight links together the judge and the convicts which shows that there was a sense of equality and that only one person decides what the outcome is. Dickens also uses the weather in pathetic fallacy where the rain symbolises sadness, as Magwitch will be executed, and the sunlight showing his happiness, as he will be able to die at peace with the world. Dickens emphasises the theme of Victorian attitudes towards criminality especially in the courtroom. All of the convicts who are to be tried and hanged are dealt with all together and at the same time as if they were a pack. This lets the reader see how Dickens saw how society viewed the lowest class. They were not treated as individuals and not worthy of being treated fairly. The courtroom could almost be seen as some sort of show. This gives the reader the impression that people were there to receive some sort of entertainment as if it was a circus. This reduces the convicts to the lowest in the community as people used their suffering and eventually death as a form of enjoyment. Dickens can relate to the scene in the courtroom as he has previously worked in one. His father was also arrested and humiliated which I believe left a deep impression on Dickens about how the system was run. He says, I could scarcely believe when all the people were about to be tried which shows a sign of hatred towards the court. He shows how people were demoralised in front of an audience and presents Magwitch as a victim of society. Dickens shows how the corrupt and biased court system favours the richer people and will not look at how Magwitchs life has changed in a positive way. Towards the end of Magwitchs death, Pip tells him about his long-lost daughter; Estella. She is a lady and very beautiful. And I love her! By telling Magwitch about his daughter he reveals that he can finally prioritise of the things, which matter in life. Pip stays with his benefactor until the end and is worried for his fate; while in contrast Magwitch is calm and is finally at peace with the world. This gives Magwitch everything he needs to die a peaceful death in knowing that he has made a true gentleman out of Pip. Magwitch is in many ways responsible for the alterations that have occurred throughout Pips existence. He has made him a more social and wealthy gentlemen as well. But, in many cases it has been Pip who has appreciated and regretted what he has done wrong in the past. With the help of Magwitch, Pip has been able to understand the importance of relationships and love, over wealth and social class. Dickens has used Pip to show how he has learned how to put his main concerns in front in many situations. He has helped the reader see how Pip has always wanted to improve himself as an idealist. This is shown when he wants to learn how to read and become a gentlemen on the whole. However Pips ambitions were morally wrong at first even though Magwitch helped him achieve them, but then, Magwitch also helped him become a true gentleman as well. Magwitch and Joe were both influential in the upbringing of Pip. But, I believe that Magwitch can be seen as a catalyst in regards to Pip as he has supported him financially and emotionally. Dickens has explored the differences in class during Great Expectations. He has discovered the poor and wretched criminals such as Magwitch, but he has also looked at the very rich and rude upper class including Mrs. Havisham. This is why the central theme of Charles Dickenss novel is social class and Pip is used to investigate this through him upgrading his status through self-improvement. The continuous development of Magwitchs and Pips characters are therefore dependent on this theme. Their relationship has helped uncover the attitudes of crime as it has shown through the various characters and is a theme that is repeated many times in the novel.

Russia essays

Russia essays It seems like only yesterday that Russia was a strong, proud nation. It was also revered as one of the only two world superpowers, with the United States being the other. However, in 1991, the Soviet Union collapsed, marking the failure of Communism. Today, Russia is on the brink of becoming a third-world nation. Russias population is collapsing, environmental problems are widespread, diseases, both communicable and non-communicable, are spreading like wildfire, crime is rampant, people are turning to drugs in an effort to ease their pains, and the economy has been plummeting since the conversion from Communism to capitalism from over a decade ago. While Russia was still known as the Soviet Union, its population reached approximately 287 million, 40 million more than the United States at this time (Dillin 4). Since this time, its population has dwindled down to almost half of this (146 million). This can be attributed to the collapse of the Soviet Union, which saw Russia lose about one-third of its population, and one-fourth of its territory. Some experts estimate that Russia is losing nearly 400 thousand people a year, which may lead to its population sinking to around 125 million by the year 2015 (Dillin 5). Officially, Russias population is declining by one thousand every day. A major contributing factor to the major loss of population may be the lack of childbirth. Sexually transmitted diseases have left millions of women infertile and, with abortion legal, abortions outnumber live births by an astonishing 2-to-1 average (Dillin 2). It is estimated that the birth rate in Russia has fallen to 9.1 births per one thousand people, compared to 15.7 in the United State (Powell 1). This means that one in four married couples is childless (Powell 2). If these trends do not end soon, Russias population could fall below that of countries such as Mexico, Vietnam, and Iran by the year 2025 (Dillin 6). In conclusion, a...

Death in General

Death in General Jorman HerreraDeath in GeneralIt's been a lazy day for Thiago at his house, he has been just watching movies and eating. It's been pouring rain all day so he decided to not go out. Until the afternoon, the rain becomes just a drizzle and let's a cool breeze inside the house that gives him a chill through his skin. Throughout the whole day there was a gloomy atmosphere. Thiago has had most of the lights off in the house. It's been quiet around the house because whole family was out of town. Until he finally decides to glance at the clock, which has become 11, and feels it's time to go to sleep. He drops onto his cozy bed and wraps himself in his blankets, looking upward toward the ceiling. Shadows appear because of the gaps in the blinds getting hit by the light outside. Due to the shadows, the environment represents how Thiago feels like he is being watched. ©2012 Thiago Nascimento.He manages to ignore it and focus on getting some rest.It becomes one of those nights where his head is full of thoughts and he knocks out of nowhere. Just random thoughts leading into another one, playing with your mind and view of your life at times. It makes you think about all of those ideas going through your mind everyday. Thiago has gotten to the moment his brain is just bringing up ideas automatically. Yet he doesn't realize this and slowly starts floating into his own dream. He feels like if he were awake but doesn't know his thoughts are coming from his dream. He gets a need of running out of the house into the darkness of his backyard. Going in deeper and deeper into the woods till the point its pitch black...

The Brand Strategy of Gucci Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 9750 words

The Brand Strategy of Gucci - Dissertation Example The Gucci spirit, which is essentially a passion for a vibrant lifestyle, is kept alive by succeeding generations of creative designers, the more remarkable of whom was the American Tom Ford, noted for his strategic use of sex in design and advertising and currently, the Italian Frida Giannini, who understands best the wants and needs of a Gucci woman. This study includes an analysis of sex as communication and marketing strategy. Gucci, during the time of Tom Ford, communicated in an aesthetically effective manner that Gucci was selling a lifestyle, particularly sexual freedom among women. This is different from promiscuity. Gucci endorsed living a sexually fulfilling life, being in control of feminine sexuality and sexual relationships from a feminist point of view— as conceptualised and executed by Ford’s ad designs. This study also looks into the consumer behavior and the psychology of luxury. The buyers of luxury items are the youth in America and Japan— mostly single career woman staying with their parents; and the older people in Europe. The concluding part evaluates the study’s strength and weakness, as well as mentions details of a proposed topic for future research. Gucci is a brand name synonymous with finely crafted leather bags and shoes; Italian brand of quality, exclusivity, prestige, and luxury. This study seeks to explore how Gucci succeeded as a brand and evolved to iconic status. This study includes a comprehensive literature review of branding as a marketing strategy, and then a discussion of what is branding, and the social equity of Gucci branding. The focus of the research is the branding strategy of Gucci. In order to understand such strategy, the history of the Gucci business empire is traced back to Italy in 1921, when Guccio Gucci first designed a luggage line for high-end hotel guests.

Cleveland Clinic Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cleveland Clinic - Case Study Example The weaknesses at Cleveland Clinic are all centered around communication. I would recommend the Clinic institute a program that can address all three weaknesses by enhancing the communication skills of the staff. Information and education should center on fully informing patients of not only procedures, but also options and prognosis. This would go hand in hand with addressing the problem of failing to respect patients preferences. Part of this may be due to a lack of sensitivity to the patient's perceptions of treatment. Both these issues are rooted in a failure to communicate fully. The Clinic also needs to be pro-active in obtaining permission to discuss the patient's medical situation with select family and friends. This will require additional training for the staff to promote a policy of communicating with families. A policy would need to be drawn up that specifies what information is appropriate to share and when it is deemed a positive step. The "Patients First" policy has been successful on an individual and anecdotal basis. This is reflected in their high score on patient comfort. However, they have not been successful at communication the program to the patients and the families. Cleveland Clinic needs to move the policy beyond patient comfort and involve the patient in the medical decisions and treatment. Cl 4. The CC included peer evaluation in the annual evaluation of physicians. Do you think peer evaluation should be used with the nursing and other professional staff, what about 360 degree evaluation Cleveland Clinic can benefit greatly from peer evaluations. This is especially true in the team environment that they work in. Nurses share similar duties and responsibilities within the team, and the other members work closely with the team. Because of this, the nurses have a greater knowledge of performance than most members of supervision or management do. The idea of a 360 degree evaluation would not be appropriate for Cleveland Clinic. Due to the specialized nature of the specialty clinics and the team approach, input from outside these circles would not be helpful and may be misinformed. Criticism, as well as praise, could be misplaced due to the halo effect or the proximity of other team members affecting the evaluation. 5. In the Ohio market the CC appeared to be vertically and horizontally integrated. Was that part of their success, and was this part of the failure of the

Nigeria Student Essay Example for Free

Nigeria Student Essay My name is Adebimpe Godwin Akinade, I am from Nigeria, and I am 16 years of age, I have three (3) sisters, one of them is in Nigeria while the other two are here in London with me. I love playing video games during my lecture time and also reading novels as well. I love hip pop and rap music, I love watching horror movies, my favourite movie is â€Å"THE EXORCISM OF EMILY ROSE†. I attended primary school in my home country at Stella Maris Primary School, I graduated from the school in primary 5 in 2004, I left to further my studies at Command Day Secondary school, due to the low standards of the school I was forced to leave to another school to complete my high school certificate. I moved to Stella Maris College where I completed my high school and attained my GCSE Equivalent. I came to Kaplan International Colllege to do a 2 Term foundation programme in Science and Engineering to progress to city university to study Civil Engineering, I Chose to study the course because the subjects which I find interesting are the main subject needed for the course, The subjects are Mathematics and Physics and I hope to be able to do as expected in the course. My English though is not bad but I still have some areas which I fall behind and I Hope to resolve the problem as I progress in Kaplan. One major problem I have in English writing is the punctuation marks ,I have problems in putting the punctuations in the right place been dealing with the problem for a while now but I hope to get over it during my period of study I Kaplan and through the following ways : Regular writing of various essays, taking note of the punctuation marks as used in the newspapers, novels, and various articles.

Asymmetric Epoxidation Of Dihydronaphthalene With A Synthesized Jacobs :: essays research papers

Asymmetric Epoxidation of Dihydronaphthalene with a Synthesized Jacobsen's Catalyst Abstract. 1,2 diaminocyclohexane was reacted with L-(+)-tartaric acid to yield (R,R)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane mono-(+)-tartrate salt. The tartrate salt was then reacted with potassium carbonate and 3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylaldehyde to yield (R,R)-N,N'-Bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine, which was then reacted with Mn(OAc)2*4H2O and LiCl to form Jacobsen's catalyst. The synthesized Jacobsen's catalyst was used to catalyze the epoxidation of dihydronaphthalene. The products of this reaction were isolated, and it was found that the product yielded 1,2-epoxydihydronaphthalene as well as naphthalene. Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1990, professor E.N. Jacobsen reported that chiral manganese complexes had the ability to catalyze the asymmetric epoxidation of unfunctionalized alkenes, providing enantiomeric excesses that regularly reaching 90% and sometimes exceeding 98% . The chiral manganese complex Jacobsen utilized was [(R,R)-N,N'-Bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)-1,2- cyclohexanediaminato-(2-)]-manganese (III) chloride (Jacobsen's Catalyst). (R,R) Jacobsen's Catalyst Jacobsen's catalyst opens up short pathways to enantiomerically pure pharmacological and industrial products via the synthetically versatile epoxy function .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this paper, a synthesis of Jacobsen's catalyst is performed (Scheme 1). The synthesized catalyst is then reacted with an unfunctional alkene (dihydronaphthalene) to form an epoxide that is highly enantiomerically enriched, as well as an oxidized byproduct.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jacobsen's work is important because it presents both a reagent and a method to selectively guide an enantiomeric catalytic reaction of industrial and pharmacological importance. Very few reagents, let alone methods, are known to be able to perform such a function, which indicates the truly groundbreaking importance of Jacobsen's work. Experimental Section   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  General Protocol. 99% L-(+)- Tartaric Acid, ethanol, dihydronaphthalene and glacial acetic acid were obtained from the Aldrich Chemical Company. 1,2 diaminocyclohexane (98% mix of cis/trans isomers) and heptane were obtained from the Acros Chemical Company. Dichloromethane and potassium carbonate were obtained from the EM Science division of EM Industries, Inc. Manganese acetate was obtained from the Matheson, Coleman and Bell Manufacturing Chemists. Lithium chloride was obtained form the JT Baker Chemical Co. Refluxes were carried out using a 100 V heating mantle (Glas-Col Apparatus Co. 100 mL, 90 V) and 130 V Variac (General Radio Company). Vacuum filtrations were performed using a Cole Parmer Instrument Co. Model 7049-00 aspirator pump with a Bà ¼chner funnel. For Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) analysis, precoated Kodak chromatogram sheets (silica gel 13181 with fluorescent indicator) were used in an ethyl acetate/hexane (1:4) eluent. TLC's were visualized using a UVP Inc. Model UVG-11 Mineralight Lamp (Short-wave UV-254 nm, 15 V, 60 Hz, 0.16 A). Masses were taken on a Mettler AE 100. Rotary evaporations were performed on a Bà ¼chi Rotovapor-R. Melting points were determined using a Mel-Temp (Laboratory Devices, USA) equipped with a Fluke 51 digital thermometer (John Fluke Manufacturing Company, Inc.). Optical rotations ([a]D) were measured on a Dr. Steeg and Renter 6mbH, Engel/VTG 10 polarimeter.

Mormon Sub-Culture

The Mormon can be understood by taking a critical review on their values institution norms and artic-facts [1].   According to the Mormon their value the importance of a family, the reverence of God as well as the appearance of the teaching as taught in the book of Mormons. To the Mormons all that seems important to them is their interconnectedness to God. The Mormons value the relationships they maintain with the outside world.   According to them, it is how well they relate with the outside world that will attract more converts to their belief. The norms of the Mormons are very different from that of the mainstream churches.   The Mormons dress and carry themselves around differently.   They have very high expectations of how the society should carry out their affairs. For instance the Mormons would not attend any other religious celebration apart from those strictly recommended for in their religion. According to the Mormons they have laws, which regulate their conduct and determine what is wrong and what is right.   In other words the culture of the Mormons significantly varies from that of other cultures.   According to the Mormons, material possessions and wealth is not very important but what matters is the relationship one has with God. The Mormons have some ideological settings as well as sociological settings that are different from those other cultures.   While the Mormons do not have strong attachment to material things, they have a single way of looking at things, which is different from other cultures.   They have some symbols, which they adore and hold dear to them. for instance, they have the symbol of the cross which they value for they see it as their link to their faith. The Mormons have their kind of music, which defines their belief in worship.   For instance, they do not advocate for the use of musical instruments for they hold that as a way of distracting the attention from worship.   They have their own legacy of commitment, which leads them to view service to God as very crucial. For instance, the Mormon culture calls for a special code of dress for the men, which is aimed at separating them from common cultures.   Their distinct behaviour and belief in the Book of Mormons is a clear attribution of their special sub-culture.   The Mormons do not ascribe to nationalism and they distance themselves from political affairs. According to Mormons the way one interacts with the surrounding world goes a long way in determining the kind and quality of life one is likely to lead. Mormons have a special way of treating members of other religious beliefs.   According to them, anyone can convert to Mormon despite their colour, sex or socio-economic status.  Ã‚   Mormon culture is therefore defined by their commitment to the religion, the distinct code of dressing, the distinct way of talking as well as the distinct manner of reaching out to others. Spirituality is given prominence in Mormonism while Mysticism is less emphasized[2].   Unlike other cultures, the Mormon culture is more spiritual oriented and this makes the life of a Mormon worshipper revolve around the temple, the home and the Mormon community[3].   According to the Mormons, there is nothing wrong with the way other people carry themselves differently but the question is, whether that conduct is in line with the preaching of the Book of Mormons. The Mormons hold the view that paganism is evil and there is no room for it.   Another interesting characteristic of the Mormon sub-culture is the place women are given in the religion. According to the Mormons, women should play a less important role in the running of the church.   Mormons is largely a male-dominated religion, which holds that man is superior to the woman. To the Mormons the woman’s place in the church is considered as that of offering support to enable the spread of their faith.   It therefore emerges that Mormons differ significantly from other mainstream churches in that they have not welcomed the emancipation of the woman.   The Mormons have succeeded in advancing their way of thinking and for centuries have stood up against pressure of influence and calls for the sub-culture to conform to conventional wisdom[4].   It therefore appears that the Mormons have been marginalized as a result of their commitment to adhere to their strict culture although this marginalization has taken the perspective of religious dimension. The Mormons have also been marginalized in terms of political representation as well as in the war against gender discrimination, partly because of their high advocacy for privacy and secrecy.   However, the Mormon sub-culture has some form of freedom of its own especially considering the fact that in the previous centuries it tended to advocate for polygamy, a kind of freedom unheard of in other mainstream religious cultures.   Their efforts to lead a distinct kind of life has earned them respect in some quarters although some critics view that as suppression of fundamental human rights. Therefore Mormon sub-culture is characterized by myth, values such as commitment to the faith of Mormon, ritualism especially in terms of the dressing code, emphasis on secrecy and privacy as well as strict call for every faithful to remain true to the faith upon conversion. Work Cited A. L   Mauss, 1984.   Sociological Perspectives on the Mormon Subculture.   Annual Review of Sociology 10.   pp 436-459 Brook, John. L. 1996. The Refiner’s Fire: The Making of Mormon Osmology, 1644-1844. Cambridge University Press. Pp 78-107 Daugherty, Doe & Margaret, Toscono. 2002.   Body, Hearts and Passions: Representing the Divine Feminine in the Mormon Church. Sunstone Symposium Presentation Session, SLO2254. pp. 27 [1]Brook, John. L. 1996. The Refiner’s Fire: The Making of Mormon Osmology, 1644-1844. Cambridge University Press. Pp 78-107 [2] Daugherty, Doe & Margaret, Toscono. 2002.   Body, Hearts and Passions: Representing the Divine Feminine in the Mormon Church. Sunstone Symposium Presentation Session,   SLO2254. pp. 27 [3] Brook, John. L. 1996. The Refiner’s Fire: The Making of Mormon Osmology, 1644-1844. Cambridge University Press. Pp 89 [4] A. L   Mauss, 1984.   Sociological Perspectives on the Mormon Subculture.   Annual Review of Sociology 10.   pp 436-459

What Was the Cause for Segregation in the South?

Lemar Griffin Reconstruction April 28, 2011 Professor Eisenberg What was the cause for segregation in the south? The Day Freedom Died and When did Southern Segregation Begin are two books that cover events that happened during the Reconstruction period. Charles Lane through his political and social analysis shines an illuminating light on one of America's more sordid events. The Colfax Massacre gained national attention so much that the event is now an interracial group that commemorates an event.John David Smith the author of When did Southern Segregation Begin takes a straight forward approach in his book and explains multiple reasons for why this may have occurred. People often assume that segregation was a natural outcome of Reconstruction which can seem somewhat believable depending on your knowledge of the subject. But in all actuality scholars cannot agree on which events at the end of the nineteenth century mark the beginning of formalized Jim Crow. Studies show how blacks an d whites learned to be civilized when they encountered each other.The division of the two races happens soon after the end of the Civil War. This essay will attempt to analyze when southern segregation begin. Following the Civil War, Colfax, Louisiana, was a town, like many, where Negroes and whites mingled uneasily. But on April 13, 1873, a small army of white ex-Confederate soldiers, enraged after attempts by freedmen to assert their new rights, killed more than sixty Negroes who had occupied a courthouse. There were barely armed former slaves that were knifed, burned, smoked out of a courthouse, and gunned down by a white posse angry over an 1872 Republican election victory. the Ku Klux Klan declared. Its goals were â€Å"to protect the weak, innocent and defenseless,† and â€Å"to protect the constitution on the Untied States. [1] The United States passed the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865, putting an end to almost 250 years of slavery. Following the Civil War, Colfax, Lou isiana, was a town like many where African Americans and whites mingled uneasily. When you look back at the events that unfolded in many towns like Colfax, Louisiana you start asking yourself: â€Å"What was the reason for all this. Throughout the year we learned more as a class why whites did horrible things to blacks, and about why Reconstruction is important to our America history. I feel that this goes back to a text we read earlier by Howard Fast in his book Freedom Road. The hypothesis that I have came up with is from a scene in Fast’s book. I believe that to some extent whites were afraid of blacks becoming independent and educated. I feel this way because I believe that money and power are two of the most important things in America, in my opinion. To gain money and power you must have the skill set to enable yourself to do so.This comes with knowledge, meaning that you would have to be very well educated to put yourself in a position to acquire power. Having knowled ge is one of the most powerful weapons you can have as a human, and the somewhat educated blacks were aware of this. I have this idea because of the fact that from taking this class I’ve been doing a lot of thinking about why slavery lasted so long and have the whites kept the blacks in control of such a long period of time without losing control of everything. That brings me to power, education, and money. Back in the day White was making a very good amount of money from slavery.If you look at slavery in the context I am for my hypothesis it will make more sense. I’m looking at slavery from a business aspect. If you dehumanize blacks and block out the fact that you’re hurting people, and that it is morally wrong to enslave people then you have what I call a â€Å"unethical business. † When whites feared that blacks could learn how to read and write it would scare them because is all blacks were able to read and write then they would have the knowledge th ey needed to realize that with the right plan and the will power and motivation that they could free themselves from slavery.I feel this way because from all the books we have covered in class I started to notice a pattern. It was starting to come more clearly to me after every book we finished in class. Education is important in the forthcoming of Reconstruction; the same also is true for knowledge. Changes were made by black people that were educated or people that have enough knowledge to understand the situation and see the way to fix it. Money is key factors in many choices many people in this country base their decisions off, morally and ethically.With money come the number one thing that all counties want let alone just individuals, power. With the right person in power everything thing can be either perfect for a certain group of people, as well as with the wrong person in power everything can be horrible for a certain group of people. To sum up my hypothesis if blacks would have had the chance to become educated then the world would be a totally different place, in my opinion. This separation of blacks and whites took without a doubt took time and a lot of effort by white southerners to make sure that it all went according to plan.This begins to happen soon after the end of the Civil War. The churches and schools were the main places and probably some of the first places to be spilt. During the time, neither place was to be segregated by law. Both places became segregated by the choice of the public. This is an early example of how the blacks separated themselves from the whites to start to own life as free people. The black communities were all against any law that would be restricting them from everyday rights and everyday conveniences that they felt they were entitled to as humans.However, many whites also were not satisfied with the thought of Jim Crow Law. These laws were unlike the black codes which had been done away with ten years earlier. The Jim Crow laws brought segregation to public schools, public places, and public transportation. It also separated restrooms, restaurants, and drinking fountains from blacks and whites. The U. S. military was also segregated. For more than 200 years before the Civil War, slavery existed in the United States. But after the war things began to get worse for blacks.The south thought they needed to do something. The Southern legislatures, former confederates, passed laws known as the black codes, after the war, which severely limited the rights of blacks and segregated them from whites. The south gradually reinstated the racially discriminatory laws. The two main goals they wanted these laws to achieve: disenfranchisement and segregation. To take away the power that the blacks had gained, the Democratic Party began to stop Blacks from voting. There were many ways to stop blacks from voting.Some of these things were poll taxes, fees were charged at voting booths and were expensive for mos t blacks, and the literacy test. Since teaching blacks were illegal, most adult blacks were former slaves and illiterate. â€Å"A favorite ploy was to change the registration site without notifying colored voters; some registrars demanded that elderly Negros prove that they were over twenty years old, not easy for those who had no birth certificates because they were born into slavery. †[2] This was something that was common back when the blacks would go and try to vote to make a change. Registered colored voters outnumbered whites 776 to 630 in Grant Parish. †[3] The white were doing everything in their power to cheat and make sure that the blacks did not win anything that they had put their vote in for. Voting is a powerful tool which goes back to my hypothesis about how power is important in America. They have said that this still goes on in America the power of the votes are suppose to be in the hands of American people but sometimes the polls don’t reflect o n what who really went out and cast their vote on election day.The power to change things that normal people have no control over is something that has been going on for a long time now in America. ———————– [1] Charles Lane, The Day Freedom Died, (New York, NY: Henry Holt and Company, LCC, 2008) Pg. 3 [2] Charles Lane, The Day Freedom Died, (New York, NY: Henry Holt and Company, LCC, 2008) Pg. 65 [3] Charles Lane, The Day Freedom Died, (New York, NY: Henry Holt and Company, LCC, 2008) Pg. 66

Crash Essays

Crash Essays Crash Essay Crash Essay I thought this movie was powerful and very well put together. It was nice seeing that all the characters ended up in the same bubble. It was a little intense but I enjoyed watching it because it is happening now. It really makes you think. This film was made to show how our society as a whole is working. You can tell that it made some people uncomfortable. Maybe because what was happening in the movie could be evoked memories of there own. Or it’s showing their own behavior or of someone close to them. As a society, we need to fix the way we think sometimes. We need to understand every culture, race, etc. is different.Dealing and understanding what is around us, shows you are the bigger person. If we don’t deal with this stuff, we end up repeating it and that creates cross-cultural conflicts. Watching this felt very intense but I couldn’t keep my eyes off it. Throughout the film, it had a true vision that most films don’t have. The acting makes this one movie stand out in a heavy way because the characters come across in a real way. The people are living in their everyday lives with real jobs, fears, and hard times. Every character has a story that at the end shows how their lives crash together in a way that you can’t explain.What they wore showed who they were as a person. It helped you see where each character came from and how they acted. The environments and settings were different in each scene according to what character it was filming. I enjoyed that because it didn’t put you to sleep. Having the setting change often made it very hard to keep my eyes away. There was also a lot of gun action and shooting that you heard and seen. It made the movie kind of scary in some scenes but its everyday life. We might not see it happening but you hear it on the news 24/7. Everyone had their own goal that they were motivated to reach.No one stopped for anyone it was mostly all about the individual. Thi s film had many different experiences. It went from going out to a nice dinner to getting held up. The narrator is trying to show us that this is how people think and how it might always be. It’s kind of disgusting how people can act sometimes. You can see that throughout the movie was very dramatic after one event happened. Scenes are dealing with conflicts, fears of other races, etc. This movie illustrates interconnected plots that cause dilemmas created by the people’s race. You notice that when something terrifying is done, that person or persons don’t eel any guilt towards what they done. They also showed that one of the characters were frustrated. He relieved himself by taking anger on black people. But having the opportunity to making up for body searching a woman from a car accident. Crash was very successful with acting out the different kinds of racism among the different characters and plots formed in the movie. The movie â€Å"Crash† symbolize s what’s going on in today’s world concerning racism and stereotypes. He makes known that society views themselves and others based on there ethnicities. There are several different races, different lives, with different beliefs.You notice that the movie shows ends of the picture, from criminals and cops and as bring rich or poor. Just walking on the street, you visualize that people are very paranoid when seeing the opposite race. Throughout the film you view how other races react and â€Å"Crash† with different races. Also, in each scene you see how everyone views the races around him or her. â€Å" I agree with Mr. Ebert that when we are coping with issues of racism, it is never a simple because it is a complex issue†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Everyone can say that they said something that would hurt another race, gender, etc.Most of the time you don’t know your judging them, it could just be how you think and feels that its not a bad thing. It’s hard not t o judge someone when they are dressed different because they catch your eye first when you look up. â€Å" It seems that we can not help but categorize and assume certain traits based on stereotypes, observations and experiences. † We judge before knowing whom the person really is inside, which is wrong. If they don’t look like you or the people you hang out with, they automatically become a bad person. Most of us think that way because we think how we act or dress is the only right thing in the world.

Funny Break up Quotes to Make You Feel Better

Funny Break up Quotes to Make You Feel Better Regardless of whether you have been through one or a dozen breakups, each one erodes your spirit. A breakup leaves you sapped. It affects your self-esteem, confidence, and relationships. Many heartbroken people are known to drown themselves into addiction: be it smoking, drugs, or even food. The emotional upheaval also causes physical disorders: insomnia, memory loss, weight gain, and digestive disorders. Different Ways to Heal While you shouldnt drown your grief in alcohol or drugs, you should take solace in spiritual talks, music, yoga, and dance. Take up activities that help release stress, and heal your soul. Read self-improvement books, inspirational quotes, or even funny quotes to shake off the gloom. Share your feelings with friends, without clinging on to the past. Most of all, avoid blaming yourself. Laughter Is the Best Medicine Humor helps cushion the fall after a bad breakup. Laughter releases the endorphins that are needed to counter depression. Humor also helps you reflect on the situation in a lighter vein. Many humorists have poked fun at breakups. Read this collection of funny breakup quotes. These quotes make light of the situation, poking harmless jokes. Some quotes mock at love and marriage. Let laughter play on your lips when you read these funny breakup quotes. Quotes Joan Crawford Love is a fire. But whether it is going to warm your hearth or burn down your house, you can never tell. Mae West All discarded lovers should be given a second chance, but with somebody else. Steve Martin There is one thing I would break up over and that is if she caught me with another woman. I wouldnt stand for that. Johnny Carson The difference between a divorce and a legal separation is that a legal separation gives a husband time to hide his money. Paris Hilton Every woman should have four pets in her life. A mink in her closet, a jaguar in her garage, a tiger in her bed, and a jackass to pay for it all. Cyril Connolly The dread of loneliness is greater than the dread of bondage, so we get married. Victoria Holt Never regret. If its good, its wonderful. If its bad, its experience. Ogden Nash Love is a word that is constantly heard, Hate is a word that is not. Love, I am told, is more precious than gold. Love, I have read, is hot. But Hate is the verb that to me is superb, And Love but a drug on the mart. Any kiddie in school can Love like a fool, But Hating, my boy, is an Art. Marie Corelli I never married because there was no need. I have three pets at home, which answer the same purpose as a husband. I have a dog, which growls every morning, a parrot which swears all afternoon and a cat that comes home late at night. Bob Udkoff Hate is such a luxurious emotion, it can only be spent on one we love. Miss Piggy, The Muppet Show Is there a cure for a broken heart? Only time can heal your broken heart, just as time can heal his broken arms and legs.How can a woman be expected to be happy with a man who insists on treating her as if she were a perfectly normal human being. Cher The trouble with women is that they get all excited about nothing... and then marry him! Dave Barry The obvious and fair solution to the housework problem is to let men do the housework for, say, the next six thousand years, to even things up. The trouble is that over the years, men have developed an inflated notion of everything they do, so that before long they would turn housework into just as much a charade as business is now. They would hire secretaries and buy computers and fly off to housework conferences in Bermuda, but theyd never clean anything. Katherine Hepburn Sometimes I wonder if men and women really suit each other. Perhaps they should live next door and just visit now and then. Rita Rudner The older theory was, marry an older man because theyre more mature. But the new theory is men dont mature. Marry a younger one. Mahatma Gandhi I first learned the concepts of non-violence in my marriage. Sir George Jessel Marriage is a mistake every man should make. Dennis Miller After 7 years of marriage, I am sure of two things. First, never wallpaper together and second, youll need two bathrooms... both for her. The rest is a mystery, but a mystery I love to be involved in. Queen Victoria When I think of a merry, happy, free girl, and look at the ailing, aching state a wife is generally doomed to, which you cant deny is the penalty of marriage. Andy Rooney For every stunning, smart, well-coiffed hot woman of forty plus, there is a balding, paunchy relic in yellow pants making a fool of himself with some 22-year-old waitress. Lizz Winstead I think... therefore, Im single. Steve Martin There is one thing I would break up over and that is if she caught me with another woman. I wouldnt stand for that. Jerry Seinfeld Breaking up is like knocking over a Coke machine. You cant do it in one push. You gotta rock it back and forth a few times, and then it goes over. John Imbergamo There are always a few before-Valentines Day breakups that allow people to cancel reservations. Katherine Mansfield If only one could tell true love from false love as one can tell mushrooms from toadstools. Mae West Live close, visit often.Marriage is a great institution, but Im not ready for an institution yet. Queen Elizabeth I of England I would rather be a beggar and single, than a queen and married. Marion Smith Can you imagine a world without men? No crime and lots of happy, fat women. Jane Austen It is always incomprehensible to men, that a woman should refuse an offer of marriage. Jean Harlow I like to wake up each morning feeling a new man. Gloria Steinem The surest way to be alone is to get married. Socrates By all means marry, if you get a good wife, youll be happy. If you get a bad one, youll become a philosopher.I guess the only way to stop divorce is to stop marriage. Dave Barry What women want: To be loved, to be listened to, to be desired, to be respected, to be needed, to be trusted, and sometimes, just to be held. What men want: Tickets to the World Series.

Business information system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business information system - Essay Example In this paper we will discuss different aspects of data warehouse. This section will explain four main characteristics of data warehouse. These characteristics give a more clear view of data warehouse. First characteristic of data warehouse is â€Å"Subject Oriented† (Kimball & Ralph 2002), It means data warehouse should be built for a specific subject or domain. It also means that Data that provides information about the concerning topic/ subject instead of organizations ongoing processes. Second characteristic is â€Å"integrated† nature of data warehouse. It Means data that is gathered from different sources are integrated into a single structure. Third characteristic is â€Å"Time-variant†: It means all data that is stored in the data warehouse is recognized with a specific time period. Forth and last characteristic is â€Å"Non-volatile† nature of data warehouse. Data is never deleted from data warehouse. But when it exceeds from a certain level, it is archived and stored at differ places (Kimball & Ralph 2002). There is a question about data warehouse: When data warehouse has data in terabits, then how it can handle such amount of data? The answer is: data warehouse uses parallelism approach to handle such amount of data. By this approach data is divided into small parts and parallel unit of data warehouse store retrieve and process them individually (Inmon 1995). Architecture of data warehouse consists of different logical layers (Inmon 1995). First layer is input or source layer, then processing layer, out put layer, decision support layer, etc. At source layer we have our data sources; these can be data bases, legacy system or data from web. After extracting this data from the source a process of transformation is applied on it to bring it into coherent format. Because data can be extracted from any type of sources, it contains

Business Continuity Mnagement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Continuity Mnagement - Essay Example This study will evaluate the events or the reasons, which led to the businesses seeking more than recovery of data; it will highlight the key elements that differentiate BCM from Disaster Recovery. Recovery implies to recover something that has been lost; the recovery may be in part or in full. Continuity, on the other hand suggests business carries on as usual and the impact of failure may be minimal, if at all. BCM deals with the threats that confront any business. Insurance may cover the cost of the fixed assets but cannot cover the opportunity loss or the market share that any business may lose (Smith 2002). The September 11 terrorist attack on the US, the cases of Anthrax virus infiltrations, frequent hackers breaking into the corporate systems, and natural disasters like Tsunami and Hurricane Katrina, may capture the headlines, but almost 90% of the crises are â€Å"quiet catastrophes† according to Smith. It is these catastrophes that damage the organization’s brand and reputation. Research too indicates that the shareholder price value increased of those companies who managed to successfully handle the crises compared to those who could not handle the situ ation well. In 1989, a large volume of case studies were published, covering mostly crises that had occurred in the 1970s and 1980s. Throughout this period, as the two fields gradually consolidated, the formation of three mindsets was developed. Namely, the technology mindset during the 1970s, which was limited to assuming that crisis, was initiated solely to computer systems and facilities. Moreover, in the 1980s organizations adopted an auditing approach which was broader in scope but did not comprehend the full picture. The inauguration of the following decade saw the development of the value based mindset, which is concerned less with compliance, regulations, or technology failure than with the needs of the business itself. The success of a company lies in its ability to continue business

Impact of Organisational Behavior on Performance of Casual Togs Firm Assignment

Impact of Organisational Behavior on Performance of Casual Togs Firm - Assignment Example This essay assists in evaluating organizational needs of Casual Togs firm in relation to its employee’s behavior, influence of leaders, managerial roles, decision making and aspects of culture. The company profit levels relates to its strategy of producing products for moderate customers. Through this strategy a customer through mixing or matching clothes may be able to assembly their wardrobe. This mix or match strategy however is not parented and because of these competitors have increased in town. This loophole has seen larger firms as well as smaller fashion companies. Nevertheless, President does not see such events as threat. The company’s C.E.O views that price competition is worse than any other form. The company has therefore opened new production points to meet growing demand and competitions. These production units come under scrutiny from the head office. In an attempt to increase on its production, the company improved its machine production capacity. This necessitated acquisition of new machines. On the other hand, the company’s chief instructed the Vice president of sales to ensure there is a daily sales printout. The president as a leader promo tes democratic principles in the organization. He encourages his production teams to act according to situations. Casual Togs Inc through its operation faces diverse challenges. Some of these challenges relate to its management styles, influence of poor management decisions, poor research on market influences and organizational culture

Cognitive Interventions Essay Example for Free

Cognitive Interventions Essay The only thing that tells everyone apart from everyone else is each person’s genetic make-up. And there is only one exception and that would identical twins, because no two people are the same. This can be said true about the way we all think. There is no one person that thinks the same as the next person. People believe that we are all born innocent and that we are pure in thoughts and in behavior. There are many different factors that can and sometimes do influence how a person is controlled by his/her cognitive ability to think before acting. There are people who do a better than others can. There are people who have certain psychological problems that seek out help from a therapist to get a handle on their problems. One of most popular therapy would be cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). The base of this theory is that some of the behaviors are caused by a person’s inner thoughts or by mental inability to deal with problems or events in our lives. In this paper, I will summarize the article â€Å"Abuse-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Child Physical Abuse,† that describe Abuse-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (AF-CBT) and the use of AF-CBT in adolescent anger management. Article Summary Childhood anger can be tiger by many different factors, thoughts or even events during a child early life. A young child is not able to express their feels in a correct way, so they have problems in dealing with their anger. This could also be that they were never taught by his/her parents how to handle their emotions. A good example would be a friend of mine that has a child with some deep rooted problems, When Sam get angry he will not able to express how he feels so he acts out towards anyone that is near him. At Christmas time I brought him a soccer ball that he wanted and when he opened it he just threw it to one side, so he was punishment, sent to his room, when he came out the looks in his eyes just plain scared me. I have seen that look in a person who just committed a murder. Cold and dark look is what this child has. Most children with this type of problems, it could be a result of abuse in the home by one or both parents, and the type of abuse could be physical or sexual. At the time of the abuse the child may feel that they could not fight off the person who is abusing him or they are so scared to tell anyone. When this time of situation has occurred the child is not able to handle so they will out and get into trouble. They may start getting into trouble at school, start handling out with the wrong crowds and getting into serious trouble with the law. The child may become involved with sex, alcohol and drugs, sometimes the child could turn out to be an abuser also. Children will do this to get away from their home life and the pain. If the abuse was discover at an early age, and then the child can be remove from the home and has a better chance to get therapy and could turn out to normal. This way the hate and anger can be redirected to a more positive avenue. It difficult for a child to understand why things happened to them and but to be able to speak to someone that can be able to help them understand that it was no their fault and help them heal their emotional wounds. Unfortunately, the affective of the abuse may follow the person throughout their life in many different forms. It can affect their children and even their partners. They may became have problems like becoming overweight so they will not be attractive to men. They also can be very sexually active. Being in therapy as a child they can be with other children that have been threw the same as the child and could help to release their anger, it could also help them from staying away from trouble and from hanging out with the wrong people. This would help the child to focus more on school and what is important to the child. The cognitive behavior theory is known to help child that are victims of abuse cases whether it is physical or sexual and the parents that are the abusers, that may help them to reestablish a relationship between parents and children. Abuse-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy  The main usage of the Abuse-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (AF-CBT) is working with children and their families that have suffered sexual or physical abuse; the environment is very hostile, the child may be subject coercion and are aggression when the family is present. AF-CBT is also used for children with behavioral problems such as Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder. AF-CBT is right for children who are the ages of 5-15, who exhibit some level of behavioral or emotional dysfunction and for parents or caregivers who may resort to uncomfortable or unsafe levels of physical punishment. The goal of this therapy is to reduce the level of physical abuse risk factors of the caregiver or family and to reduce the consequences of these experiences for the children. The primary focus is behavior management, social skills, training, cognitive restructuring, problem-solving skills, and communications skills for the caregiver’s level of anger and promote nonaggressive discipline strategies, to enhance a child’s coping skills, and encourage problem-solving and communication. There are three stages of AF-CBT process, each of the steps consisting in multiple steps that involve the child and the parent(s) separately and jointly. This type of treatment would be taken place as outpatient or in a setting that ongoing contact with the caregiver and the child. The treatment should take place twice a week for approximately three to six months. Abuse-Focus Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in an Adolescent Anger-Management, the important part is to be able know how to control anger. Everyone can control their anger and being angry is a normal part of life. Just like everyone else, adolescent are no exception. The only exception is that adolescent can take their anger to the extreme and their action may not be called normal when angered. There is one way to help the adolescent to control their anger is by cognitive therapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy can occur in many different ways, the most common is the one-to-one talk with the adolescents. Once the problem is out in the open, the therapist may give the adolescent advice and to show how to control or redirected their anger. It is a success when one discovers the problem using the cognitive behavioral therapy. Now that the adolescent is able to control their anger it more benefit for those who are around the adolescent, it does benefit both parties. With aggressive or violent behavior the AF-CBT will target in three ways in which people can deal with the situations: 1) Cognition (thinking), 2) Affect (feeling), and 3) Behavior (doing). AF-CBT use many different techniques that are used by practitioners, such as behavior and anger management, problem solving, social skills training, and cognitive restructuring. All programs require proper training in different areas, especially with psychological skills so that enhancing interpersonal effectiveness and self-control is maintained. Conclusion The article explains to us how to deal with child and adolescent in dealing with their anger due to physical or sexual abuse to them and to be able overcome their anger and to deal with feelings as well as their families. The primary goal of AF-CBT is to reduce other behavioral problems in children and adolescent when they grow-up.

Philosophy of Teaching Essay -- Teachers Education Careers Essays

Philosophy of Teaching As I think back to teachers in my past, many images come to mind. I remember teachers that were kind, patient and understanding. I also have memories of teachers that were short tempered, angry or just plain lazy. Some were eccentric, while others taught with a relaxed teaching style. So I ask myself, what separates the good from the bad? Why are some teachers so effective while others fall short? What in fact makes a good teacher? Obviously these are not easy questions to answer. All I can do is share my own opinions and beliefs on qualities that I feel make a great teacher. As teachers we have an overwhelming responsibility to prepare students for the rest of their lives. When they leave high school or college they should be trained to meet the challenges, and be prepared to handle any number of new and unusual situations. I feel that school puts too much emphasis on what some may consider to be core subjects. The essentialism approach to teaching is the most common, however I feel it is not the most effective way to prepare students for the real world. Essentialism does have its place in education, however I feel students are forced to learn too many useless facts and skills that they will probably never use. In the long run do all those algebraic equations really help when you are entertaining clients or planning a business trip? These are good skills to have, and it is important to know facts about the world we live in, but we must also include real world problems and situations. In my opinion the best approach to teaching is progressivism. I feel that the best way to prepare students for the real world is to put them in real world situation... ...porate other subjects into the learning process. If they are drawing the human form I will suggest the research of human anatomy. I will encourage my students to learn about the history of art and in doing so they will learn valuable lessons on the history of the world. My students will learn math skills as they take a photograph and double or triple its size to recreate it on paper. In my classroom I want to not only help children develop their art talent but encourage them to explore and investigate the world around them. Learning can and should be fun. If students can draw on their interest then there is no limit to what they can learn. We all have a natural instinct to crave knowledge. I hope as a teacher I can stir that instinct and help my students learn a variety of valuable skills that will stick with them for the rest of their lives.

Modifications to the National School Lunch Program Essay

Introduction Recent modifications made to the National School Lunch Program menu have caused controversy all across the nation. In last year The National School Lunch program have been under scrutiny and major changes have been made to the ingredients and preparation of school lunches. The USDA reports that the all the modifications to the school lunches are focus towards improving the health of all school age children, contributing to the fight against childhood obesity and succinctly to improve the health of all children across the nation. This research would explore the history of the different federal agencies involve in the national nutritional services, the most comprehensive changes in the school nutritional environment , the old and new menus choices and how changes are impacting students (National School Lunch Program,[NSLP] 2012). Research Statement According to the Unites States Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Service the recent changes to the National School Lunch program have been an important aid in the fight against childhood obesity and to help change student eating habits towards a healthier approach. In the last 4 years the Senate of the United Stated has proposed different legislature changes to the National School Lunch menu allowing millions of dollars to contribute towards a healthier approach modifying what student age children are consuming during school hours. The most comprehensive changes have been oriented towards reducing fat, sugar and sodium, and including more vegetable as part of the daily school cafeteria menu (United States Department of Agriculture, [USDA] 2012). Initial Research Question How the recent changes to the national school lunch program can improve the student’s health? By analyzing the recent changes to the national school lunch program we will be able to compare some of the differences between some the new and improve school lunch menu and how these changes are impacting students across the nation. Review of literature The National School Lunch Act was a law established under the administration of President Harry Truman in 1946. The original purpose of the act was to help local farmers with surplus produce and using these foods to feed school age children. After reviewing the principles of the act, members of the senate requested the establishment of a national program that under the guidelines of the National School Lunch Act, would oversee all operations associated with school lunch meals, reason for the creation of the National School Lunch program. The National School lunch program manages one of the largest federally assisted meal programs that provides nutritionally balanced meals free or at low cost to school age children. The national school lunch program takes cash subsides and foods provided by the U.S Department of Agriculture, in return the national school lunch program must meet nutritional federal requirements and most important must offer meals free or at low cost to all student age children. According to reported statistics from the U.S Department of Agriculture the National School Lunch feeds over 30 million students each day (NSLP, 2012) There is no doubt that the student nutrition subject has been an important topic of national concern in the history of our country. In 1966, The Child Nutrition Act was a law signed by President Lyndon B Johnson, encouraged by a national concern over nutrition in school age children. The Child Nutrition Act became to be an instrument to facilitate the process of meeting nutritional needs of children under the guidelines of the National School Lunch Program. The act also helped established the school based breakfast program providing free breakfast for children in public and nonprofit schools, during the signing of this act president Johnson use a famous phrase that would change forever the futures of national school lunches â€Å"Good food is essential to good learning† (USDA, 2012) U.S Department of Agriculture is a federal funded division who is responsible to all operations in the nation pertaining to farming agriculture and food. Better known as the USDA the department not only promotes and helps farming and agriculture issues but ensures food safety across the nation. The USDA is one of the oldest federally department created by President Abraham Lincoln in 1862. The USDA oversees a vast amount of operative units in the united states including the USDA Food and Nutritional Services who major goal is to provide healthy food to families in need, the department also collaborate closely with the National School Lunch program providing foods that are of nutritional value (USDA, 2012) On December 13th, 2010 President Obama sign into a law the Healthy, Hunger –Free Act of 2010. This act was creating to combat the alarming rates of childhood obesity cases in the U.S. The now law came to update the school meals standards who reflected very little changes in nutrition in the last 15 years, the HHFK Act also had an impact on the USDA, changing the foods providing to the National School lunch program and succinctly reflecting changes in meal nutritional standards in schools across the nation. In the 2009 a review from the Institute of Medicine recommended several updates to the National School lunch menus, the review found that the school cafeteria menus were not meeting the dietary guidelines for school age children stated by the U.S Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Services (Healthy Hunger-Free Act, [HHFA] 2012) In 2011 the USDA proposed new regulations based on the finding of the Institute of Medicine of the United States. The process of modification of the school cafeteria menus begin slowly but steady on schools across the nation, the changes included whole grain servings on all meals; reduce saturated fat sugar and sodium, and more fresh fruit and vegetables. Elizabeth Ippel, executive director of The Academy of Global Citizenship in Chicago, talks about the important of nutrition’s â€Å"good nutrition is essential and a very integral component to effective learning†. The changes are significant and according to Mrs. Ippel the students are responding positive to the modifications (Leamy, 2012) Here’s an example of a before and after lunch menu: BeforeAfter Breaded beef patty on a white roll Baked Fish Nuggets Fruit popsicleWhole wheat roll Low fat milkMashed potatoes Broccoli Peaches Skim Milk Discussion On December 13, 2010 president Obama signed into law 111-296 the Healthy Hunger –Free Act of 2010. The act is one of the most comprehensive proposals in the school nutritional environment in over 15 years; the main goal of this law is to update school meals nutritional standards to help combat childhood obesity and help students achieve healthy eating habits. Beginning in July 2012 the new lunch meal pattern will be in effect changing what students will be consuming during lunch in the school year 2012-2013.The new proposed meal components includes key changes for children K and above, these changes requires that school lunches offer a daily variety of whole grains, fruit and vegetables. In the fruit category, each meal provided by school cafeterias must include  ½ cup of fresh, frozen or canned fruits, prepared or compound with water and not syrup.  ½ of vegetables on each meal is another requirement in the daily school lunch menus; the new regulations required a variety of vegetable groups including: dark green, red/orange, legumes, starchy and other vegetables. On the area of whole grains, breads and cereals are required on each meal as long as the food item includes more than 8 grams of grains. The act has also limit the amount of flavored milks opting for only low fat milk during meals. Calories are also under a scope view limiting the calorie ranges according to age groups. Trans-fat is banned completely from school cafeteria menus and the act has also a plan to limit sodium gradually over the next decade, to reach the goal of keeping sodium at a no more than 600 mg per meal, equal to a diet frozen meal (HHFKA, 2012). The changes in the cafeteria school menu are impacting students and teachers equally, besides of more nutritional value, the new menus now offered more quantity amounts of healthier foods, satisfying the hunger of millions of students and reflecting healthier attitudes in the classrooms. LuAnn Coenen from Appleton Central High School in Wisconsin cheers the new regulations in the cafeteria menus and states† Since the introductions of the new food program, I have noticed and enormous difference in the behavior of my students in the classroom,†Ã¢â‚¬ I can say without hesitation that it’s changed my job as principal†. It seems that less sugary foods and drinks are impacting student’s behavior. An associate professor of education at the Lehigh university conducted a study of over 2000 lunchrooms across the nations, the conclusions indicated that healthier and less sugary meals carries a calmer atmosphere in the classroom this calmer demeanor is reflects when students go back to the classrooms creating a trickling effect. Taylor a student from Appleton High commented about the changes she felt since the cafeteria menus changed â€Å"I’d say being able to concentrate better†. Susan Graham principal from Melrose Elementary in Tampa Florida confirms that her discipline referrals have decreased 50 % â€Å"We get a lot more done, I think it’s a lot more efficient work environment for all of us,† Grahams said (abcnews,2012). Berger (2005) wrote about the importance of a well balanced meal for the proper development of children’s brain development, and how school meal programs played an important rolled in children’s brain development, by providing a well balanced meal while in school children can achieve proper brain development a subsequently their ability to learn will be maximized (Berger, 2005). The changes happening in schools cafeterias might seem insignificant, but replacing extra-cheese pizza, deep fried chicken for whole wheat pizza and baked fish nuggets, represent a huge step towards making students healthy. Some modifications to the school lunch menu have happened slowly and some hidden from students, like replacing full fat cheese with a low fat mozzarella cheese in the pizzas, as well as using whole wheat bread on grill cheese sandwiches. Dr. Saira Jan a Rutgers University Professor (2006) comments on children obesity and diabetes rising numbers â€Å"Kids choose from what they are offered. They are hungry, they will eat. You can offer carrots or French fries. We have a big health-care problem. We can’t just talk about it† (Weekly Reader, 2006). Conclusion In conclusion the overall national concern over childhood obesity and the rising rate of diseases in children related to overweight issues is currently being addressed by different entities in charge of school nutrition. The National School lunch program has and will make modification on the students’ lunch menu to feed students healthier foods in the effort to fight childhood obesity. Even though there has been mixed opinions about the effectiveness of the lunch menu modifications, the HHFKA guidelines demonstrate how References About USDA. (2012). United States Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Service. Retrieved from http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/usda/usdahome?navid=ABOUT_USDA Berger, Kathleen. (2005).The Developing Person Throughout the Lifespan. 6th ed.Worth. 140-142 Child Nutritional Act.(2012). United States Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Service. Retrieved from http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-01-26/pdf/2012-1010.pdf Food Fight! Should School Lunches be healthier? Current Events, a Weekly Reader publication,17 Feb.(2006) Retrieved from Healthy Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010. (2012).United States Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Service. Retrieved from http://www.fns.usda.gov/cnd/governance/legislation/cnr_2010.htm Questions & Answers on the Final Rule, â€Å"Nutrition Standards in the National School Lunch and School Breakfast Programs†(2012).United States Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Service. Retrieved from http://www.fns.usda.gov/cnd/Governance/Policy-Memos/2012/SP10-2012osr2.pdf Lazor, K., Chapman, N., & Levine, E. (2010).No.80. Vol.4. 200-206 Soy Goes to School: Acceptance of Healthful, Vegetarian Options in Maryland Middle School Lunches. Journal Of School Health. Leamy, Elizabeth.(2011). Exclusive: USDA to Announce Healthier New School Lunch Guidelines. Retrieved from http://abcnews.go.com/Health/ConsumerNews/usda-announce-school-lunch-guidelines/story?id=12603193 Mary Bruce. (2010). Coming Soon? Healthier School Lunches. Retrieved from http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/healthier-school-lunches-senate-approves-45-billion-bill/story?id=11345256 Mcginn, D., & Popescu, R. (2007).No 150. Vol.17. Unlucky Charms At Lunch. Newsweek. Retrieved from http://mediacast.usw.edu:8045/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA169875850&v=2.1&u=nm _a_elin&it=r&p=ITOF&sw=w National School Lunch Program.(2012).United States Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Service. Retrieved from http://www.fns.usda.gov/cnd/Lunch/ Nutrition Standards in the National School Lunch and School Breakfast Programs, No 17, Vol.77. (2012). United States Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Service. Retrieved from http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-01-26/pdf/2012-1010.pdf Students behave better with healthy lunches. (2012). Abc. go. Retrieved from http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/AmericanFamily/story?id=125404&page=1

Meaning of Free-Enterprise System Essay

Free-enterprise is defined as the freedom of individuals or groups of individuals to engage in business ventures with the minimum intervention of the state (or its political apparatus, the government) (Smith 1776/1904). There are three parts in this definition. First, free-enterprise is defined as freedom of individuals; in classical economic theory, freedom to engage in economic activities is an extension of individual freedom. Added to that, this freedom to participate in economic activities is corollary to making personal choices, which unrestricted, constitute individual freedom (like other freedoms). The second part of this definition is the statement that individuals can engage in business ventures. This can be achieved so long as the individual has the capital to establish his business. In economic theory, capital is defined as the assets, in the form of money, technology, physical infrastructure, human skills, etc. that can have a possible rate of returns. Individuals can use this capital to accumulate wealth, that is, to create more capital and profit. Nevertheless, in a free-enterprise, capital however is dictated by the laws of supply and demand. Capital will only have a fruitful rate of return if it is utilized to producing goods demanded by the consumers. Capital utilized for producing products not demanded by the public will either have a lower rate of returns or push the business into exiting from the market. Lastly, the requisite for free-enterprise is what economists call â€Å"minimum intervention of the state. † In simple terms, in order for the laws of supply and demand to take effect, the government must not intervene in the economic activities of the country. The laws of supply and demand cannot work in a system wherein economic activities are either restricted or controlled by the state or government. Whenever the government restricts business activities, the natural mechanism of adjusting production and demand becomes blurred (policies), and thus may create an artificial shortage in the market. Added to that, Adam Smith (1776/1904) argued that if markets are left on its own, it will naturally supply the public its demand. The capitalists or businessmen, eyeing public demand as an opportunity for acquiring profit, utilize their capital for producing products that the public demands. The self-interests of both the businessmen and the consumers will naturally lead to prosperity. Smith (1776) noted however that the government’s roles in the free-market system are limited to the following: 1) military protection of the state, 2) creation of an amiable economic climate, and 3) construction of public works. However, in real life, it is impossible for government not to intervene in the market. Environmental disasters may create a shortage in the market, raising prices to multiple folds. The government then can institute some price mechanisms in order to protect the consuming public from unregulated and irresponsible business activities. Good and Bad Kinds of Markets in a Free-Enterprise System Because free-enterprise is defined as the freedom of individuals or group of individuals to engage in economic activities with the minimum intervention of the government or state, it is noteworthy that a loose classification of such had been made by different economists. These economists either favor a virtually unrestricted form of free-enterprise or a combination of command and free-market system. The first set of economists argued that free-enterprise system necessitates the establishment of an economy under perfect competition. These classical economists argued that if government will let the market do its natural function, relative adjustment in prices for certain products will cause a relative change in demand, and also a corresponding change in supply. In the supply side, because every firm in a perfectly competitive market has an equal share of market, a change in the price of one firm will cause a change in the price of other firms. In the end, the consuming public will benefit from this relationship because prices are well adjusted by market mechanisms. On the wage side, whenever a change in the production inputs occurs, a corresponding change in the wage side also occurs. Firms will adjust their wage schedules and a level of equilibrium is achieved which would benefit the general public. On the production side, classical economists argued that in a perfectly competitive market changes in prices of goods will have a corresponding change in the wage level; the price level described as flexible and the wage rate inflexible. Whenever a change in prices of goods occurs, all will follow, and thus the market will be in a state of equilibrium. In this condition, the supply and demand for goods are situated in one price (for a particular good). When equilibrium is reached in the market, both the aggregate demand and aggregate supply in the market becomes relatively equal. This will prevent the creation of an artificial shortage in the market. These conditions of free-enterprise however work in an ideal situation. In reality, the government can intervene in the market in at least three ways: 1) control the activities of monopolies and cartels, 2) set price controls for certain basic goods, and 3) control the supply of money. These functions may be classified as effective or necessary. It can be necessary because these activities and conditions will naturally affect the general welfare of the public. Effective because government interventions may take the form of a general welfare policy far removed from the rumblings of the political arena. Monopolies and cartels are perverted forms of the free-enterprise system. Monopolies usually control the larger portion of the market supply of a particular good. The implication is that these monopolies can dictate the price in the market at the expense of the general public. It is expected that the deadweight loss in this condition will be much larger than economies with imperfect market competition (economies differentiating products), precisely because the welfare surplus is converted into a certain rate of profit by the monopolies. They can do this by controlling the supply of goods in the market. Since they control most of the supply of a particular good, prices will be adjusted based on the profit schedule of the firm. Cartels function the same way as monopolies but differ in two ways. Monopolies usually involve one firm who controls most of the supply of a particular good in the market. Cartels are composed of firms producing the same product and have relatively equal share of the market pie of a particular good. These firms may corrode to control the price of a good in the market to achieve the expected level of profit, and of course to avoid competition. Welfare surplus in this case will still be large due to the corresponding fall of expected returns to the consumers. What I have outlined are the good and bad kinds of markets in a free-enterprise system. The perfectly competitive market is the ideal free-enterprise system. For theoretical purposes, the perfectly competitive market is itself the free-enterprise system since it well transcribes the characteristics of a laissez-faire system. However, because this is only an ideal type, perverted forms are well imbibed in the free-market system, that is, they are assumed to be part and parcel of this economic system. In a sense, the definition of free-enterprise that I presented is the definition that captures the postulates of classical economics. Classical economics classified good and bad forms of the so-called free-enterprise system, although it is wrong to argue that there is such thing as â€Å"bad free-enterprise† because theoretically it is an ideal type that strives for the good of the general public. This approach to the definition of a free-enterprise system is classical in nature and does not take into account some of the contemporary economic arrangements that are shaping the economies of many nations, poor and rich nations alike. Capitalism, Neo-Classical Economics, and Free-Enterprise In his book, Carson (2001) argued that the so-called free-enterprise system that classical economists are boasting is in fact transformed into the so-called capitalist system. The capitalist system provides the businessmen when the capacity of limiting the wages of the laborer. The state now, protects corporations (which are embodiments of the capitalist ordeals) through limited liability, laws on protection of assets, high interest rates, and of course low taxes. It seems that the free-enterprise system which was meant to be at the service of the general public is now an apparatus of the capitalists to expand their share of the market. Capitalism is not free-enterprise. Free-enterprise system is the contradiction of the capitalist system in its economic goals and assumptions. Keynes (1936) noted that in the era of modern economics, prices of goods in the market are inflexible in the short-run. Short-run adjustments of production schedules and wages will not be smooth since the overall inventory of the firm depends on the expected rate of demand of the public, the actual expenditure, and the price itself. The implication of this is the fact that free-enterprise can only be achieved partially in the long-run. In the short run, distortions in the market will create monopolies and cartels,; in the long-run these will be eliminated, thus the achievement of the so-called â€Å"free-enterprise† system.